NURSCIENCE

2012-02-12T08:10:00.000-08:00

Setiap tahun berganti, bertukarlah suasana begini. Murid ku silih berganti, datang mu di rai dan pergi mu didoa, semoga semua berjaya dalam kehidupan. Ingatlah sejauh mana kamu melangkah, ia bermula dari langkah pertama. Jika hari ini kamu berlari, ingatlah pernah dulu kamu merangkak. Pengalaman amat bernilai. Setiap detik adalah kiraan yang akan ada noktahnya. Semoga berjaya.

Salam dari umi.

FALSAFAH PENDIDIKAN

2012-02-12T08:06:00.000-08:00

Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan
"Pendidikan di Malaysia adalah suatu usaha yang berterusan untuk mengembangkan lagi potensi individu secara menyeluruh dan bersepadu untuk mewujudkan insan yang seimbang dan harmonis dari segi intelek, rohani, emosi dan jasmani berdasarkan kepercayaan dan kepatuhan kepada Tuhan. Usaha ini adalah untuk melahirkan rakyat Malaysia yang berilmu pengetahuan, berketrampilan dan berakhlak mulia, bertanggungjawab dan berkeupayaan mencapai kesejahteraan diri serta dapat menyumbang terhadap keharmonian dan kemakmuran keluarga, masyarakat dan negara."
Falsafah Pendidikan Guru
"Guru yang berpekerti mulia, berpandangan progresif dan saintifik, bersedia menjunjung aspirasi negara serta menyanjung warisan kebudayaan negara, menjamin pembangunan individu dan memelihara suatu masyarakat yang bersatu padu, demokratik, progresif dan berdisiplin."

PERANAN GURU DALAM MEREALISASIKAN FALSAFAH PENDIDIKAN GURU

1)Guru hendaklah melengkapkan diri dengan pengetahuan am dan pengetahuan dalam mata pelajaran, khasnya mata pelajaran KBSR, serta pengetahuan ikhtisas keguruan

2) Mengamalkan pengajaran dan pembelajaran selaras dengan hasrat Falsafah Pendidikan Guru, khasnya mengembangkan individu dan memelihara suatu masyarakat yang bersatu padu, demokratik, progresif dan berdisiplin.

3) Meyemai dan memupuk amalan nilai-nilai murni dan etika keguruan kepada diri dan pelajar selaras dengan tuntuana Falsafah Pendidikan Guru

4) Menyempurnakan tanggungjawab dan akautabiliti sebagai insan guru yang sentiasa mencari ilmu serta mengamlkannya bagi memenuhi tuntutan keperluan pendidikan dan masa depan.

5) Menggunakan ilmu dan kemahiran mendidik serta nilai keguruan merangsang perkembangan pelaj

IKPLIKASI PENDIDIKAN KEBANGSAAN

Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan yang telah diumumkan secara rasmi pada tahun 1988 telah dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti faktor agama, sosial, politik, ekonomi, individu, dan faktor sejagat. Faktor-faktor ini telah menjadikan Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan mempunyai matlamat-matlamat yang tersendiri untuk dicapai. Justeru itu, segala aktiviti, perancangan, dan pencapaian hendaklah selari dengan kehendak Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan.
Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan sememangnya telah memberi beberapa implikasi terhadap sistem pendidikan di negara kita seperti implikasi terhadap kurikulum sekolah yang merangkumi beberapa aspek seperti perubahan sukatan subjek pelajaran yang berteraskan kepada program bersepadu seperti Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah (KBSR) dan Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah (KBSM).
Selain itu, kurikulum sekolah juga dilihat telah mengalami perubahan dari segi bahan-bahan pengajaran yang lebih menitikberatkan nilai-nilai murni yang diserapkan kedalam semua subjek bagi mencapai matlamat untuk melahirkan insan yang seimbang dan harmonis. Perubahan kurikulum sekolah juga dapat dilihat dalam sistem pendidikan negara kita yang mula berorientasikan ke arah pendidikan umum dan perubahan sukatan pelajaran yang sesuai bagi mengasah kemahiran pelajar dalam bidang teknologi, teknik dan vokasional.
Implikasi Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan yang seterusnya ialah terhadap pendidik iaitu perubahan peribadi pendidik selari pandangan dan visi positif dalam menjalankan tugas atau profession bagi mencapai tujuan dan matlamat Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan. Selain itu, perubahan positif ini telah mengubah P & P pendidik seterusnya melahirkan pendidik yang inovatif, berpengetahuan luas, berakhlak mulia, dan berketrampilan.
Seterusnya ialah implikasi Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan terhadap institusi pendidikan di negara kita. Dalam institusi pendidikan sekarang, dapat kita lihat perubahan seperti perubahan kemudahan-kemudahan supaya para pelajar mendapat peluang bagi mengembangkan lagi potensi yang ada dalam diri mereka dari segi intelek, rohani, emosi, sosial dan jasmani secara seimbang.
Selain itu, akitiviti budaya sekolah juga mengalami perubahan untuk memupuk nilai-nilai murni dalam jiwa para pelajar. Perubahan iklim sekolah yang kondusif juga telah melahirkan para pelajar yang menghargai ilmu dan melahirkan budaya-budaya positif seperti budaya membaca di kalangan mereka.
Sebagai rumusannya, semua pihak memainkan peranan yang penting dalam menyusun atur strategi bagi mencapai matlamat Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan supaya memberi impak positif dalam perkembangan sistem pendidikan di negara kita ini.

2011-10-11T09:29:00.001-07:00

ACID REFLUX - IHSAN DARI Rayner Chandler-Mandarin Health Consultants

2011-07-14T09:03:00.000-07:00

Acid Reflux - What Not to Drink

There are four beverages you may want to avoid if you have trouble with acid reflux: alcohol, coffee, peppermint tea, and milk.

1. Alcohol: There is some debate about whether or not alcohol causes acid reflux. Some warn against all alcohol, while others caution only against a very dry white wine, which tends to have high acidity. If you have acid reflux on a frequent basis, you may want to experiment as to whether it is worse or better after drinking alcohol.

2. Coffee: There is an ongoing debate as to whether coffee is to blame for acid reflux. People have thought so for many years. In fact, people believed this so strongly that coffee companies finally decided there was a market for a "smoother" coffee that did not cause acid reflux. A relatively recent study by Stanford University researchers, however, found no scientific evidence to support the notion that eliminating coffee gives relief from acid reflux. The study, which appeared in the May 2006 issue of "The Archives of Internal Medicine," evaluated published medical reports from 1975 to 2004 on heartburn.

3. Peppermint: Many people suggest avoiding products containing peppermint. Peppermint tea, which sounds so soothing, can increase acid reflux. Peppermint appears to permit the passage of acid from stomach to esophagus.

4. Milk: Many doctors agree that drinking milk with meals may cause acid reflux in adults. Non-professionals believe milk neutralizes stomach acid, making it difficult to digest food. The result can be acid reflux.

Acid Reflux - What to Drink

There are a number of drinks you may want to try for acid reflux. Most fall under the category of folk remedy, but many people get relief with them. This information is for educational purposes only, of course. Please seek advice from your physician before drinking any of these.

1. Slippery Elm Bark Tea: Health food stores usually have slippery elm bark tea. Drink the bark tea with your meal to avoid acid reflux. Bark tea coats the esophagus lining, reducing its sensitivity to acid. If you want to make the tea at home, try to purchase the shredded bark. Use the inner part of the bark, and steep it in hot water for your acid reflux tea. This makes a thick beverage, with a consistency similar to runny gelatin. If it is too thick for you, simply add more hot water.

2. Ginger Tea: Ginger tea also is available in health food stores, and is helpful for acid reflux when used either with the meal or immediately following the meal. It is easily made at home. Use 1 teaspoon of freshly grated ginger root, or 1,000 mg of ginger powder. If neither is available, use ground ginger from the spice rack. Steep the ginger in 1 cup boiling water for 5 minutes, and then sip. Ginger is helpful for indigestion and acid reflux, especially if caused by spicy foods.

3. Licorice Tea: Licorice tea is also effective in the battle against acid reflux. Purchase your tea, or make it by placing 1 teaspoon of licorice root in 1 1/4 cups of boiling water. Turn the heat low, and simmer the tea for 10 to 15 minutes in a covered pan. Remove from heat, and stir in 2 teaspoons of dried chamomile. Cover and allow your acid reflux tea to steep for 10 minutes. Strain it before drinking.

CAUTION: NEVER use licorice tea for acid reflux if you have high blood pressure (hypertension).

4. Clove-Ade: If you prefer a cold drink rather than tea, you may get relief from acid reflux by drinking a glass of clove-ade. Simply add a few drops of clove oil to a glass of cold water. Stir, and sip the clove-ade slowly to offset acid reflux.

5. Banana Milk-less Smoothies: Bananas seem to be very effective as an acid reflux fighter. Bananas become a natural antacid in the body. Banana milk-less smoothies are a cool way to use the banana's ability to fight acid reflux. Start smoothies the night before by placing 1 banana, peeled and cut in pieces, into a freezer container. The next day, put the frozen banana chunks in a blender with 3 cups of soy milk, 1 cup of frozen strawberries, and 1 teaspoon of vanilla extract. Add sugar or other sweetener to taste, and blend until smooth. Sip slowly to relieve acid reflux.

Heartburn, acid reflux, GERD, or indigestion: people have found relief for all of them by abstaining from drinking certain beverages, making a point of drinking other beverages.

Breads and Cereals

Most breads and cereals do not cause acid reflux. Foods such as pretzels, fat free cookies soda crackers and graham crackers are suitable as well.

Water

Water is very beneficial to those who suffer from acid reflux disease.

Prevention/Solution

For the best results, eat at least two hours before bedtime and take a short walk after your evening meal.

Almost all fruits are considered to be acidic. With an acidity level of pH 7 considered "neutral," the following fruits on the acidity scale below, range from most acid (having a low pH value) to less acid (having a higher pH value):

Lime and lemons: very acidic, pH 2 to 2.2

Plums, prunes, apples, grapefruit, rhubarb, apricots, blackberries, strawberries and cherries: high acid, pH 3.0 to 3.4

Peaches, raspberries, blueberries, oranges and pears: acidic, pH 3.5 to 3.9

Bananas, figs and watermelon: medium-to-low acid, pH 4.6 to 6.0

Apricot, plum and peach juices are supposed to be particularly low in acids except that you should be taking the fresh juices and not the stored ones which contains preservatives.
Bon Appetite

vedeo kanak2

2011-04-17T01:07:00.001-07:00

2011-04-12T01:15:00.000-07:00

From:
BawangGoreng® bawangoreng@gmail.com

Khasiat daun kari

Assalamualaikum dan salam sejahtera,
Alhamdulillah, hari ini Laman-Seri berkesempatan untuk berkongsi info tentang tumbuhan yang tidak asing bagi masyarakat kita iaitu daun kari.
Pokok kari adalah tumbuhan tropika hingga sub-tropika, yang berasal India. Tumbuhan renek ini yang adalah daripada spesies murraya koeniggi dalam keluarga rutaceae yang mengeluarkan daun-daun kecil berwarna hijau dan berbunga putih. Tumbuhan ini agak lasak walaupun sebenarnya ia menyukai tanah yang subur dan kaya dengan mineral. Nama spesies herba murraya koenigii yang diambil sempena memperingati ahli botani Johann König.Pokok kari juga dikenali sebagai 'kariveppilai' dalam bahasa Tamil, juga dikenali sebagai karipulei, kari-kari, veppu-neem dan daun ilai. Dalam bahasa Kannada, ia dipanggil ‘neem hitam’, kerana daunnya mirip dengan pohon neem yang pahit, walaupun ia tiada kaitan langsung dengan pokok neem. Pokok kari juga tiada berkaitan dengan daun salam (bay leaf) dan daun kemangi (basil leaf) iaitu daun yang aromatik dari Mediterranean.
Pokok kari
Pokok kari boleh tumbuh sehingga ketinggian antara 4 hingga 6 meter, dengan ukur lilit batang yang boleh membesar sehingga 40cm. Daunnya menyirip dengan 11-21 helaian pada satu-satu sirip atau lebaran, setiap helaian daun berukuran antara 2-4 cm panjang dan 1-2 cm lebar. Daun kari sangat aromatik.Pokok kari biasanya ditanam di halaman rumah kerana kegunaan sebagai rempah dalam masakan terutamanya dalam masakan kari. Daun kari mempunyai aroma yang kuat dan mempunyai rasa agak pahit. Ia disebut daun kari kerana digunakan untuk membuat kari dan ia digunakan secara meluas dalam kebanyakan masakan di Tamil Nadu di selatan India. Ia tidak hanya digunakan dalam masakan kari tetapi dalam masakan lain seperti rasam, vada, thoran, chutney, kadhi, murukku dan lain-lain lagi.
bunga pokok kari
Bunganya kecil berwarna putih kekuningan dan mempunyai aroma yang sangat harum. Buahnya kecil, sebesar terung pipit, berwarna hijau ketika muda dan bertukar ke ungu berkilau setelah matang. Buahnya boleh dimakan, tetapi biji benihnya dikatakan beracun. Agaknya, sebab itulah buahnya yang ranum ini tidak diganggu serangga atau burung...Pokok kari boleh membiak melalui biji benih, keratan batang dan anak yang tumbuh dari akarnya. Selain ditanam di halaman rumah kerana daunnya ia juga ditanam sebagai tumbuhan hiasan.Hasil kajian mendapati daun kari mengandungi:
66.3% kelembapan
6.1% protein
1.0% lemak
16.0% karbohidrat
6.4% fiber
Daun kari juga mengandungi mineral dan vitamin seperti kalsium, fosforus, zat besi, asid nikotinik dan vitamin C. Ia juga mengandungi volatile oil dan sejenis glukosid yang dipanggil koenigiin.Daun kari mempunyai khasiat perubatan yang tinggi dan digunakan dengan meluas dalam perubatan Ayurveda di India. Daun kari mempunyai nilai sebagai antioksidan, anti-diabetes, antimikrob, anti-inflamasi, Hepatoprotektor, anti-hiperkolesterolemia dan lain-lain lagi. Daun kari juga dikatakan baik untuk penjagaan rambut yang panjang dan sihat. Selain dari itu daun kari juga dapat mencegah uban. Kulit pokok, daun dan akar pokok daun kari digunakan sebagai tonik. Pucuk daun muda juga boleh dibuat ulam.Daun kari boleh dijadikan tonik herba untuk menguatkan perut dan meningkatkan keupayaannya serta mengatasi masalah penghadaman. Ia juga boleh digunakan sebagai laksatif (julap) lemah untuk mengatasi masalah sembelit. Jus daun kari yang dicampur dengan madu juga dapat menjadi penawar kepada cirit birit dan buasir.Jus daunnya yang segar dicampur dengan jus limau nipis digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah loya dan pening terutamanya akibat makan lemak yang berlebihan. Caranya dengan mencampurkan satu sudu teh jus daun kari dan satu sudu teh jus limau nipis. Daun kari juga berkesan dalam mengatasi masalah haid dan penyakit gonorea (gonorrhea), menghilangkan rasa loya dan pening-pening lalat bagi wanita mengandung.Air rebusan kulit batangnya yang kering dapat digunakan untuk mengubat diabetes. Amalan memakan 10 helai daunnya setiap hari selama 3 bulan dikatakan dapat mencegah kencing manis yang disebabkan oleh keturunan dan kegemukan.
Buah kari di rumah KJ
Buahnya yang didihkan dengan minyak kelapa hingga kehitaman boleh dihancurkan dan digunakan untuk merawat gigitan serangga dan haiwan berbisa. Daunnya yang dihancurkan dan dijadikan pes boleh digunakan untuk merawat lebam dan bengkak dengan cara menampalnya pada bahagian yang sakit.Daun kari juga berkesan menyembuhkan penyakit cirit-birit dan penyakit berak darah yang juga disebut disentri. Daun kari dan akarnya juga dikatakan baik untuk peredaran darah dan boleh bertindak sebagai sedatif.Walaupun terdapat pelbagai kegunaan tumbuhan ini, namun penggunaannnya perlu mendapat nasihat daripada pengamal perubatan untuk mengelakkan kemudaratan di kemudian hari kelak

2011-04-12T01:03:00.000-07:00

Signs of Ageing
From:
Luke Teoh

10 visible signs of ageing
1 Hair When it ages: Anytime after puberty for hair loss, 30s for the appearance of white hairWhy: Hair is in its 'growth phase' for about four years before it is shed.About 90 per cent of men's hair loss is due to androgenic alopecia, or male pattern baldness. This hereditary condition occurs when hair follicles are sensitive to the presence of the male hormone, testosterone.Testosterone shortens the hair growth cycle and shrinks hair follicles such that the next hairs which grow out are smaller and finer. reconstruction and aesthetic surgery at Singapore General Hospital , said that hair follicles are genetically predetermined to undergo detrimental changes as one ages. White hair also starts cropping up as one ages. Hair colour is controlled by the amount of melanin in it. By age 30, melanin production drops and hair colour lightens. Turning grey is hereditary which explains why some people grey faster than others. Treatment: Topical creams like minoxidil or oral medication like finasteride for hair loss. Hair transplants can also be considered. Hair can be dyed to mask the appearance of white hair

2 Eyes When they age: 40 and aboveWhy: When you age, the lens of the eye hardens and the muscles used for focusing weaken.This causes presbyopia or what the Chinese commonly call lao hua yan - a condition where it is more difficult to focus at close range.Besides hardening, the lens also thickens and the pupil gets smaller. This makes it harder to see in the dark as less light gets into the eye. Colour perception and contrast are also reduced as the ageing lens causes the light that does enter the eye to scatter more.Age-related eye problems like cataract, glaucoma, macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy may also occur. Treatment: Dr Hoh Sek Tien, consultant eye surgeon at Ophthalmic Consultants at Gleneagles Medical Centre, said the most effective way to treat presbyopia is to wear spectacles.Age-related eye diseases can be managed with surgery, eye drops or lasers
3 Ears When they age: 60 and aboveWhy: What contributes most to age-related hearing loss is the degeneration of sound receptor hair cells in the inner ear.Associate Professor Low Wong Kein, director of the Centre for Hearing and Ear Implants at Singapore General Hospital , said: 'We have a finite number of hair cells in our inner ear and these cells cannot be regenerated. Once they degenerate, they're gone forever.'Each ear possesses about 15,000 of such hair cells and those which allow you to hear high frequencies usually die first.Dr Stephen Lee, ear, nose and throat specialist at Raffles Hospital , said one in three people above 60 will develop significant hearing loss.Associate Professor Lynne Lim, consultant in the department of otolaryngology - head and neck surgery at National University Hospital , added: 'As the hearing loss is gradual, it can be missed without formal hearing tests.'People may not know they have hearing loss. They may turn up the volume on the TV, exposing family members to over loud noise risk.' Treatment: Hearing can be checked in most hospitals and shops selling hearing aids. Such aids, priced between $1,000 and $5,000, should be fitted by ear professionals. Cochlear implants, which are small electronic devices designed to provide a sense of sound to those who are profoundly deaf by directly stimulating the auditory nerve, are used only in cases of severe hearing loss and cost more than $40,000
4 Teeth When they age: 40 and aboveWhy: When we age, less saliva, which removes bacteria, is produced and teeth and gums become more susceptible to decay. There will also be some degree of bony resorption, or loss of bone, and gingival recession, when the gum starts to expose the root of the tooth.Dr Boey Sean Kuan, consultant dental surgeon at Pacific Healthcare Specialist Centre, said: 'It's part of normal wear and tear. Deterioration often happens when the body's immunity is compromised and this is more common when one ages.'Treatment: Regular dental check-ups are key in preventing teeth from ageing badly. Deep cleaning, restoration of teeth, gum recontouring and prevention of excessive wear using occlusal splints are standard treatments
5 Facial skin When it ages: Mid-20s and aboveWhy: The production of collagen and elastin in the skin decreases with age, resulting in skin losing its natural elastic recoil and bounce. Collagen is a fibrous protein which is the basic building block of connective tissues. Elastin is a protein similar to collagen.Blood vessels decrease in density and skin takes on a yellowish hue. Less sweat and oil is produced by the glands in the skin, making skin drier. Fine lines and wrinkles start to show and skin sags.Wrinkles appear not only due to the drop in collagen production but also the habitual movements of certain muscles, as well as the loss of fat and bone from the face. Smoking and sun exposure also make you look older because they cause free radical damage which can lead to the destruction of collagen and elastin fibres.Some women may also start to see melasma, a type of pigmentation which is related to hormonal changes. Treatment: Microdermabrasion treatments and chemical peels can help to exfoliate and slough off dead skin cells, which can make the skin look dull.Topical medicines containing vitamin C, E or hyaluronic acid help to deliver concentrated antioxidants into the skin, stimulating collagen production. Cosmetic treatments like fillers and Botox injections to plump up wrinkle lines and surgical procedures like facelifts can also be considered.Asked if anti-ageing creams work, Dr Patricia Yuen, consultant dermatologist at Pacific Healthcare Specialist Centre, said: 'Yes. Antioxidants, the main ingredients in anti-ageing creams, reverse and retard the ageing process.'
6 Breasts When they age: 35 and aboveWhy: As a woman ages, glandular tissue in the breast is broken down due to changes in hormone levels and is increasingly replaced by fat, which is softer and contributes to the sagging of the breast.Dr Ivor Lim, consultant plastic and cosmetic surgeon at The Plastic & Hand Surgery, said: 'Breasts can sag from skin being lax as their sheer weight will pull skin down.'He added that a secondary reason for breast sag is breastfeeding.Breast sag is worsened by ligaments of Astley-Cooper - the ligaments which connect chest muscles to the skin and help breasts to maintain their shape - weakening and stretching with age. Treatment: A bra is your breasts' best buddy. Dr Lim said a well fitting bra is needed to support the Astley-Cooper ligaments and prevent them from stretching out.Breast skin can be tightened via surgical or radio frequency treatments. Surgical procedures like breast augmentation and breast lift, which involves the rearrangement of breast tissue, can also be considered.A new alternative is Macrolane, a non-permanent injectable body filler which can be used to plump up ageing breasts. Exercises like push-ups and those which work your mid-back and chest can also firm up your bustline
7 Body skin When it ages: Mid-20s and aboveWhy: Like facial skin, body skin loses collagen and elastic fibres as a person ages. The skin becomes saggy, thinner, less elastic and easier to injure and tear.Age spots may also develop.The neck is another giveaway of age. The platysma muscle, a sheet-like muscle found in the front of the neck, becomes loose and splits down the middle, causing neck fat to collect and create the appearance of what is commonly known as a turkey neck. Some people may appear to develop stringy necks which is a combination of loose skin and the platysma hanging down vertically like a curtain. Treatment: Laser and radio frequency therapies like Refirme ST and Thermage can help remove pigmentation, stimulate collagen production and tighten the skin. In the case of a weakened platysma, Botox can be used to improve the neck's appearance, while a facelift can be considered to make the sheet muscle look more continuous
8 Buttocks When they age: 35 and aboveWhy: Both skin and butt tissue will be affected by gravity. The well-developed muscle of the buttocks loosens and becomes flabby, creating a saggy bum. Treatment: Cosmetic procedures like liposculpturing, which uses liposuction to shape the body, can be considered to remove and rearrange fat in the buttocks. Surgical procedures like gluteal implants and butt lifts can restore the perkiness and volume of buttocks. Exercises like reverse lunges, step-ups and squats can also help to tone buttocks
9 Veins When they age: 45 and aboveWhy: Varicose and spider veins usually develop in legs with age. The former are abnormal dilated veins measuring more than 3mm in diameter while the latter are small clusters of pink and purple thread-like veins lying near the surface of the skin.The weakened veins are unable to transport blood back up the body to the heart and the blood pools in veins, enlarging them.The condition is less common in men as it is female hormones which have a dilatory effect on veins. The biggest cause of varicose and spider veins is pregnancy, which puts a lot of stress on veins. Treatment: Regular exercise; avoiding obesity, the wearing of high heels and the crossing of legs when sitting; as well as flexing your leg and foot muscles occasionally, will help prevent the development of varicose and spider veins.Varicose veins can be treated with endovenous laser treatment, which involves using laser energy to destroy the veins. Spider veins can be treated by injecting them with a cocktail of chemicals.Dr John Tan, consultant general and vascular surgeon at The Vein Clinic, said: 'The treatment of varicose veins is not purely cosmetic. If left untreated, varicose veins can lead to ulcers or deep vein thrombosis.'Deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body
10 Muscles and bones When they age: For muscles, 65 and above in both genders. For bones, late 30s in women, late 40s in men.Why: Muscle mass decreases with age as muscle fibres are lost and individual muscle fibres are reduced in size.As bones deteriorate, they become less compact and lose their calcium content. Women are more susceptible to bone loss due to their biological make-up and the lack of oestrogen during menopause.As bones shrink, we lose height as bones in the back crumble between the vertebrae and we end up about 5cm shorter by the time we hit 80.Treatment: Exercise is key in maintaining muscle and bone strength. Resistance training in the form of light weights preserves muscle mass and improves balance and bone density.Dr Sittampalam Krishnamoorthy, consultant orthopaedic surgeon at Raffles Hospital , said that taking regular exercise and a balanced diet which is high in calcium and vitamin D will have a positive effect on bones and joints. This article was first published in Mind Your Body, The Straits Times, on July 30, 2008.Associate Professor Colin Song, head and senior consultant in plastic,

2011-04-12T00:57:00.000-07:00

Acid Reflux - What Not to Drink

There are four beverages you may want to avoid if you have trouble with acid reflux: alcohol, coffee, peppermint tea, and milk.

1. Alcohol: There is some debate about whether or not alcohol causes acid reflux. Some warn against all alcohol, while others caution only against a very dry white wine, which tends to have high acidity. If you have acid reflux on a frequent basis, you may want to experiment as to whether it is worse or better after drinking alcohol.

2. Coffee: There is an ongoing debate as to whether coffee is to blame for acid reflux. People have thought so for many years. In fact, people believed this so strongly that coffee companies finally decided there was a market for a "smoother" coffee that did not cause acid reflux. A relatively recent study by Stanford University researchers, however, found no scientific evidence to support the notion that eliminating coffee gives relief from acid reflux. The study, which appeared in the May 2006 issue of "The Archives of Internal Medicine," evaluated published medical reports from 1975 to 2004 on heartburn.

3. Peppermint: Many people suggest avoiding products containing peppermint. Peppermint tea, which sounds so soothing, can increase acid reflux. Peppermint appears to permit the passage of acid from stomach to esophagus.
4. Milk: Many doctors agree that drinking milk with meals may cause acid reflux in adults. Non-professionals believe milk neutralizes stomach acid, making it difficult to digest food. The result can be acid reflux.
Acid Reflux - What to Drink

There are a number of drinks you may want to try for acid reflux. Most fall under the category of folk remedy, but many people get relief with them. This information is for educational purposes only, of course. Please seek advice from your physician before drinking any of these.

1. Slippery Elm Bark Tea: Health food stores usually have slippery elm bark tea. Drink the bark tea with your meal to avoid acid reflux. Bark tea coats the esophagus lining, reducing its sensitivity to acid. If you want to make the tea at home, try to purchase the shredded bark. Use the inner part of the bark, and steep it in hot water for your acid reflux tea. This makes a thick beverage, with a consistency similar to runny gelatin. If it is too thick for you, simply add more hot water.

2. Ginger Tea: Ginger tea also is available in health food stores, and is helpful for acid reflux when used either with the meal or immediately following the meal. It is easily made at home. Use 1 teaspoon of freshly grated ginger root, or 1,000 mg of ginger powder. If neither is available, use ground ginger from the spice rack. Steep the ginger in 1 cup boiling water for 5 minutes, and then sip. Ginger is helpful for indigestion and acid reflux, especially if caused by spicy foods.

3. Licorice Tea: Licorice tea is also effective in the battle against acid reflux. Purchase your tea, or make it by placing 1 teaspoon of licorice root in 1 1/4 cups of boiling water. Turn the heat low, and simmer the tea for 10 to 15 minutes in a covered pan. Remove from heat, and stir in 2 teaspoons of dried chamomile. Cover and allow your acid reflux tea to steep for 10 minutes. Strain it before drinking.

CAUTION: NEVER use licorice tea for acid reflux if you have high blood pressure (hypertension).

4. Clove-Ade: If you prefer a cold drink rather than tea, you may get relief from acid reflux by drinking a glass of clove-ade. Simply add a few drops of clove oil to a glass of cold water. Stir, and sip the clove-ade slowly to offset acid reflux.

5. Banana Milk-less Smoothies: Bananas seem to be very effective as an acid reflux fighter. Bananas become a natural antacid in the body. Banana milk-less smoothies are a cool way to use the banana's ability to fight acid reflux. Start smoothies the night before by placing 1 banana, peeled and cut in pieces, into a freezer container. The next day, put the frozen banana chunks in a blender with 3 cups of soy milk, 1 cup of frozen strawberries, and 1 teaspoon of vanilla extract. Add sugar or other sweetener to taste, and blend until smooth. Sip slowly to relieve acid reflux.

Heartburn, acid reflux, GERD, or indigestion: people have found relief for all of them by abstaining from drinking certain beverages, making a point of drinking other beverages.

Breads and Cereals
Most breads and cereals do not cause acid reflux. Foods such as pretzels, fat free cookies soda crackers and graham crackers are suitable as well.

Water
Water is very beneficial to those who suffer from acid reflux disease.

Prevention/Solution
For the best results, eat at least two hours before bedtime and take a short walk after your evening meal.

Almost all fruits are considered to be acidic. With an acidity level of pH 7 considered "neutral," the following fruits on the acidity scale below, range from most acid (having a low pH value) to less acid (having a higher pH value):
Lime and lemons: very acidic, pH 2 to 2.2
Plums, prunes, apples, grapefruit, rhubarb, apricots, blackberries, strawberries and cherries: high acid, pH 3.0 to 3.4
Peaches, raspberries, blueberries, oranges and pears: acidic, pH 3.5 to 3.9
Bananas, figs and watermelon: medium-to-low acid, pH 4.6 to 6.0 Apricot, plum and peach juices are supposed to be particularly low in acids except that you should be taking the fresh juices and not the stored ones which contains preservatives.

2011-04-12T00:46:00.001-07:00

anak bongsu

2011-02-19T04:27:00.000-08:00

KESIHATAN KITA

2011-02-17T06:35:00.000-08:00

Inflamasi konjungtiva mata yang disebabkan oleh proses infeksi, iritasi fisik, atau respons alergi dikenal sebagai konjungtivitis. Pada inflamasi, konjungtiva menjadi merah, bengkak, dan nyeri ditekan. Konjungtivitis

INGAT LAGI TAK?

2010-07-16T00:00:00.000-07:00

INGAT LAGI TAK?
MEREKA PERNAH KE SMKE
MENGAJAR ANAK-ANAK SEMUA
FEB 2010 - MEI 2010
SALAM RINDU UNTUK MEREKA BERDUA
KALAU ADA LAPANG, DATANGLAH BERTANDANG KE SINI.

MINGGU SAINS

2010-07-15T23:54:00.000-07:00

KUIZ SAINS SEMPENA MINGGU SAINS 2010Syarat penyertaan
1. Terbuka kepada semua pelajar tingkatan 1 SMK King Edward VII.
2. Borang penyertaan berserta jawapan hendaklah sampai ke pihak urusetia selewat-lewatnya pada 30 Julai 2010 jam 3.00 petang.
3. Pemenang dengan semua jawapan betul akan ditentukan melalui undian pada 2 Ogos 2010.
4. Hadiah akan disampaikan dalam perhimpunan mingguan yang akan ditetapkan kemudian.
5. Keputusan adalah muktamad dan sebarang rayuan tidak akan dilayan.
Jawap semua soalan dibawah, bulatkan jawapan yang betul.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
1. What is the most common mineral group on Earth?
A Silicate minerals B Non silicate minerals
2. The elements in water are
A Hydrogen and oxygen B Oxygen and nitrogen
3. The component of mixture can be separated by
A distillation and electrolysis B evaporation and filtration
4. Name the apparatus that is used to pick up solid chemicals
A beaker B Spatula C test tube
5. State the prefix value of deci
A 0.001 B 0.01 C 0.1
6. What is meant by volume?
A The total surface covered by an object
B The total space occupied by an object
7. Nuclear energy is released in the form of
I heat energy II light energy III sound energy IV gamma radiation
A I, II
B II, III, IV
C I, II, III, IV

8. Energy in natural gas, petroleum and coal originated from …….
A Sun B Fossil fuels C Water
9. A molecule of sodium hydroxide consists of
A 1 atom sodium, 1 atom oxygen
B 1 atom sodium, 1 atom oxygen and 1 atom hydrogen
C 2 atom sodium, 1 atom oxygen and 2 atom hydrogen.

10.
Complete the statement below;
Chemical energy in ________________ → _________________ → _________________ →
________________ (water at a height)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Nama _____________________________________
Tingkatan ___________
No Kad Pengenalan_________________________

AMALI SAINS SEMPENA MINGGU SAINS 2010
1. Pemilihan Awal akan dijalankan mulai 19 Julai 2010.
2. Setiap kumpulan terdiri dari 2 orang pelajar tingkatan 1.
3. Kemahiran menggunakan alatan dan perkakas sains akan menjadi ukuran untuk menentukan pemenang
4. 8 kumpulan terbaik akan dibawa untuk pertandingan akhir yang akan diadakan pada 23 Julai 2010.
5. Tiga kumpulan terbaik akan menerima hadiah dari pihak urusetia pertandingan.
6. Keputusan adalah muktamad, sebarang rayuan tidak akan dilayan.

BORANG PENYERTAAN
NAMA PESERTA:
1. ______________________________________________ TING : _____________
2. ______________________________________________ TING: ______________

HANTAR BORANG PENYERTAAN INI KEPADA PN HJH NORIAH SEBELUM 18 JULAI 2010 JAM 6.00PTG.

2010-04-29T06:37:00.000-07:00

Khasiat Pokok Tanjung
DiSUSUN OLEH : Bawang Goreng PADA 2/23/2010 12:00:00 PM
Diedit oleh penulis blog

Bunga Tanjung

Assalamualaikum,

Hari ini saya masukkan entry mengenai FloraFauna, sibuk di SIM bercerita fasal "tanam pokok atau tabur bunga pada kuburan", memang sesuai sangat saya highlight sikit lagi satu pokok yang banyak di tanam di negara kita. Pokok tanjung dikatakan mampu merawat pelbagai penyakit kulit.

Pokok tanjung berasal dari kepulauan Indo-China dan mempunyai taburan semula jadi di India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand dan Malaysia. Nama saintifiknya Mimusops Elengi dan tergolong dalam keluarga sapotaceac, pokok tanjung merupakan tumbuhan liar yang tumbuh di tepi pantai, kawasan berbatu dan dalam hutn. Pokoknya boleh mencapai ketinggian sekitar 3 meter dan boleh menghasilkan batang atau kayu balak sepanjang 15 hingga 20 meter. Pokok tanjung menghasilkan banir yang sangat kecil atau besar sehingga 2 meter tinggi.

Daun pokok tanjung jenis ringkas, susunan bersilang-seli dan bahagian tepi daun beralun-alun dan bengkok ke atas. Daunnya licin dan berkilat. Bunganya pula ada jenis dwijantina. Bunganya berwarna putih dan bercampur kuning. Bunganya ini dihasilkan secara tunggal atau dalam jambak kecil.

Buahnya jenis beri berbentuk bujur telur. Sebelum matang, buahnya berwarna hijau. Buah ini akan bertukar kepada warna oren dan merah setelah masak. Apabila matang, buahnya rasa manis dan mempunyai kandungan astringen. Astringen bertindak sebagai agen yang mengcutkan tisu dan protein pada kulit dan lendir. Bunga pokok tanjung mengandungi minyak mudah meruap manakala bijinya mengandungi minyak tidak meruap. Kulit pokoknya banyak mengandungi tanin dan sedikit alkaloid. Pokoknya pula mengandungi saponin.

Bahagian kulit batang, daun dan bunga adalah bahagian yang banyak digunakan serta mempunyai khasiat ubatan yang tersendiri. Kulit pokok tanjung dikatakan mempunyai pelbagai kegunaan. Jika direbus, kulit pokok ini boleh digunakan sebagai air pencuci mulut. Ia mampu menguatkan gigi dan gusi serta merawat sakit kerongkong. Bukan itu sahaja, ramuan ini juga boleh digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah nafas berbau.

Jika kulit pokok tanjung dijadikan serbuk pula, ramuan ini boleh digosok atau diurut pada sendi yang sakit akibat reumatisme. Kulit pokok tanjung ini juga boleh dijadikan sebagai ubat pupuk bagi merawat masalah jerawat, gatal-gatal dan pelbagai penyakit kulit. Kulit pokok tanjung yang direbus bersama dengan kulit pokok asam jawa dikatakan boleh digunakan sebagai ubat sapu bagi penyakit kulit. Air rebusan kulit batang pokok juga boleh digunakan untuk mencuci luka.

Air rebusan kulit pokok atau bunga boleh diminum terutamanya untuk merawat demam panas dan cirit-birit. Kulit dan buah pokok tanjung yang belum masak boleh dijadikan losen untuk merawat ulser. Biji pokok tanjung yang telah ditumbuk lumat pula boleh ditelan bersama air untuk merawat cirit-birit.

Daun pokok tanjung boleh ditumbuk lumat atau direbus sebelum dijadikan sebagai ubat pupuk untuk merawat sakit kepala. Jika anda mengalami masalah sakit hidung dijangkiti ulser, bolehlah menggunakan daun pokok tanjung yang telah ditumbuk serta dicampur dengan sedikit jintan hitam yang kemudiannya dijadikan ubat pupuk.

Daun pokok tanjung juga boleh dibakar dan asapnya kemudiannya dihidu untuk merawat ulser di hidung, asma dan pelbagai masalah hidung dan mulut. Pucuk daunnya boleh dibuat ulam bagi mengecutkan rahim dan mengetatkan peranakan wanita.

Bukan setakat untuk tujuan perubatan, pokok tanjung juga boleh digunakan untuk tujuan lain. Bunganya boleh direndam dalam minyak kelapa. Ramuan ini boleh dilumurkan ke rambut dan hasilnya mampu mewangikan rambut. Minyak biji pokok tanjung pula dikatakan boleh digunakan untuk memasak atau minyak pelita.

Ringkasan kegunaan :

1. Merawat ruam bernanah – Beberapa kuntum bunga tanjung direbus bersama 2 sudu besar Jintan Hitam. Air rebusan diembun semalaman. Air ditapis dan dimandikan pesakit dengan air tersebut.

2. Merawat sakit gigi dan boleh menghilangkan nafas berbau. Kulit batang pokok direbus bersama air dan dibuat kumur selama empat hari

3. Merawat luka – Air rebusan kulit batang pokok digunakan untuk mencuci luka.

4. Merawat ozena atau rhinitis – Jus daun bunga tanjung dijadikan ubat titis hidung dua kali sehari dan dilakukan sehingga sembuh.

5. Mewangikan rambut – Biasanya bunga tanjung direndam ke dalam minyak kelapa dan dilumur ke rambut.

6. Pucuk daunnya boleh dibuat ulam bagi mengecutkan rahim dan mengetatkan peranakan wanita

Walaupun terdapat pelbagai khasiat ubatan dan kegunaan lain pokok tanjung, namun begitu penggunaannya perlu mendapat nasihat daripada pengamal perubatan terlebih dahulu bagi mengelakkan kemudharatan di kemudian hari.
Sumber : MisteriAlam dan Bunga Tanjung

2010-04-29T06:22:00.000-07:00

From: Shahrul Zamri Badaruddin
Sent: Thu, April 29, 2010 9:05:38 AM
Subject: Kata-Kata Negatif vs Kata-kata Positif

Kata-Kata Negatif dan Kata-Kata Positif
13 Jamadil Awal 1431H.
Email : aisyah juki

(Setiap kata-kata itu adalah DOA)

Sebaiknya kita semua mulai mengendalikan kata-kata yang keluar dari mulut kita dengan kata-kata yang Positif dan Baik.

Setelah mendengarkan info tentang pengaruh Kata-kata Negatif terhadap Air yang ditulis dalam buku "The Hidden Messages in Water" karya Mas aru Emoto dan pada halaman 31 buku tersebut disebutkan tentang banyaknya orang yang melakukan percubaan, saya pun tertarik untuk melakukannya sbb:

1. Tempatkan Nasi sisa yang sudah didiamkan semalaman kedalam 2 botol dengan jumlah yang sama, kemudian ditutup rapat.

2. Setiap botol di labelkan yang berisi kata-kata.

3. Botol A : "Kamu Pintar, Cerdas, Cantik, Baik, Rajin, Sabar, Aku Sayang Padamu, Aku Senang Sekali Melihatmu, Aku Ingin Selalu di dekatmu, I LOVE YOU, Terima Kasih.

4. Botol B : "Kamu Bodoh, Jelek, Jahat, Malas, Pemarah, Aku Benci Melihatmu, Aku gila tidak mau dekat dekat kamu"

5. 2 Botol ini saya letakkan terpisah dan pada tempat yang sering dilihat, saya pesan pada isteri, anak, dan pembantu untuk membaca label pada botol tersebut setiap kali melihat botol-botol tersebut.

6. Dan inilah yang terjadi pada nasi tersebut setelah 1 minggu kemudian :

Nasi dalam botol yang di bacakan kata-kata Negatif ternyata cepat sekali berubah menjadi busuk dan berwarna hitam dengan bau yang tidak sedap.

Sedangkan Nasi dalam botol yang di bacakan kata-kata Positif masih berwarna putih kekuningan dan baunya harum seperti ragi.

Nah Silahkan teman-teman mencubanya sendiri. Kalau di buku di katakan ada yang mencuba dengan tiga botol dimana botol ketiga tidak di beri label apa2 alias diabaikan / tidak diperdulikan, dan ternyat beras dalam botol yang diabaikan membusuk jauh lebih cepat dibandingkan botol yang dipapar kata " Kamu Bodoh".

Bayangkan apa yang akan terjadi dengan anak-anak kita, pasangan hidup kita, rakan-rakan kerja kita, dan orang-orang disekeliling kita, bahkan binatang dan tumbuhan disekeliling kita pun akan merasakan efek yang ditimbulkan dari getaran-getaran yang berasal dari pikiran, dan ucapan yang kita lontarkan setiap saat kepada mereka.

Maka sebaiknya selalulah sadar dan bijaksana dalam memillih kata-kata yang akan keluar dari mulut kita, demikian juga kendalikanlah pikiran-pikiran yang timbul dalam batin kita.

Semoga tulisan ini bermanfaat untuk kita semua

TAHNIAH

2010-03-10T22:24:00.000-08:00

TAHNIAH KEPADA PELAJAR YANG BERJAYA DALAM SPM 2009 DENGAN CEMERLANG DAN PADA YANG KURANG CEMERLANG, NASIB ANDA MASIH BAIK, KERANA MALAYSIA MENYEDIAKAN BERBAGAI-BAGAI PELUANG PELAJARAN, CUMA KITA YANG PERLU BERUSAHA,

SEORANG JUTAWAN HARI INI BUKAN BERMULA DENGAN SPM ALL A'S

NASIB ANDA DITANGAN ANDA

cell-note 1

2010-02-10T01:07:00.000-08:00

Cell
1. All living things consist of cell.
2. Our body also is made up of millions of cells.
3. Cells are very small in size. They can only be seen using a microscope.
4. Cells have different shapes and sizes.
5. Cells may be round, oblong, square or of other shapes.
6. Cell is the basic unit of life; its function is to carry out life processes.
7. Generally, every cell is made up of nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane.
Structure of cells
Cell membrane – is a thin layer around a cell. It separated a cell from other cells. It controls materials entering and leaving the cells.
Cytoplasm – is a jelly-like fluid in a cell. It is enclosed by the cell membrane. About 70% of cytoplasm consists of water. 30% are protein, starch, mineral salts and vitamins. Many chemical reactions take place in cytoplasm, such as broken down of food to produce energy.
Nucleus – big spherical structure controls all the activities of the cell. It contains genetic materials.
Nucleus and cytoplasm make up protoplasm.
Other cell structures include vacuole, cell wall and chloroplast.
Vacuole – containing cell sap. The cell sap contains dissolved sugar and mineral salts.
Cell wall – surrounding the cell membrane. Made of cellulose and found only in plant cells. Its strong and gives support and protection, also maintains the shape of the cells.
Chloroplasts – containing the green pigment chlorophyll. Its traps sunlight to carry out photosynthesis.
Comparison between plant and animal cell
Animal cell Plant cell
Size Usually small Usually big
Shape Not fixed because no cell wall Fixed shaped because of the cell wall
Cell wall Does not have cell wall Has a cell wall which is made of cellulose
Chloroplasts Does not have chloroplast Has chloroplasts, which contains chlorophyll pigment
Vacuole Does not have or very small Has large vacuole especially in mature cell
Food storage In form of glycogen In form of starch granules
plant cell and animal cell

cell -note

2010-02-10T01:01:00.000-08:00

Cell
1. All _________________ consist of cell.
2. Our body also is made up of millions of cells.
3. Cells are very small in___________ . They can only be seen using a ______________
4. Cells have different __________ and sizes.
5. Cells may be __________, ___________, square or of other shapes.
6. Cell is the ___________ of life; its function is to carry out life _____________.
7. Generally, every cell is made up of ___________, ___________ and ____________
Structure of cells
Cell membrane – __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Cytoplasm – _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Nucleus – _________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Nucleus and cytoplasm make up ________________.
Other cell structures include ____________, ____________ and chloroplast.
Vacuole – ________________________________________________________________.
Cell wall – ________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Chloroplasts – ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Comparison between plant and animal cell
Animal cell Plant cell
Size Usually small Usually big
Shape Not fixed because no cell wall Fixed shaped because of the cell wall
Cell wall Does not have cell wall Has a cell wall which is made of cellulose
Chloroplasts Does not have chloroplast Has chloroplasts, which contains chlorophyll pigment
Vacuole Does not have or very small Has large vacuole especially in mature cell
Food storage In form of glycogen In form of starch granules

Plant cell and animal cell (diagrams)
1. Typical plant cell
2. Typical animal cell
3. Cheek cell
4. Onion cell
5. amoeba
6. paramecium
7. euglena
8. Nerve cell
9. Muscle cell
10. Epithelial cell

SELAMAT TAHUN BARU, AZAM BARU DAN SEMANGAT BARU, CITA-CITA HARUS DIKEJAR

2009-12-21T20:15:00.000-08:00

SELAMAT bertemu kembali wahai anak didik ku yang dikasihi teristimewanya aspura dan aspuri. Menjelang sesi persekolahan, adakah semua mesti baru? pakaian baru? beg baru? kawan baru? buku baru? kasut baru? pen baru? pensil baru? pemadam baru??????

Ha jangan lupa, jika semua telah baru, fikiran juga mesti baru, azam juga mesti baru dan sikap juga mesti baru.

Tahun baru menyarankan kita berhijrah, berhijrah dari kesesatan kepada cahaya, berhijrah dari kejahilan kepada ilmu, berhijrah dari sifat malas kepada rajin.
Dari leka kepada sentiasa waspada
Dari lupa kepada ingat
Dari segala sifat mazmumah kepada mahmudah

Setahun berlalu dan usia bertambah, minda juga perlu bertambah.
Salam kasih sayang dari gurumu, juga ibumu.

LDL? HDL? APA BENDA TU ??????

2009-09-07T09:50:00.000-07:00

LDL (Bad) Cholesterol
When too much LDL (bad) cholesterol circulates in the blood, it can slowly build up in the inner walls of the arteries that feed the heart and brain. Together with other substances, it can form plaque, a thick, hard deposit that can narrow the arteries and make them less flexible. This condition is known as atherosclerosis. If a clot forms and blocks a narrowed artery, heart attack or stroke can result.
HDL (good) Cholesterol
About one-fourth to one-third of blood cholesterol is carried by high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL cholesterol is known as “good” cholesterol, because high levels of HDL seem to protect against heart attack. Low levels of HDL (less than 40 mg/dL) also increase the risk of heart disease. Medical experts think that HDL tends to carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it's passed from the body. Some experts believe that that HDL removes excess cholesterol from arterial plaque, thus slowing its buildup.
Triglycerides
Triglyceride is a form of fat made in the body. Elevated triglycerides can be due to overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, excess alcohol consumption and a diet very high in carbohydrates (60 percent of total calories or more). People with high triglycerides often have a high total cholesterol level, including a high LDL (bad) level and a low HDL (good) level. Many people with heart disease and/or diabetes also have high triglyceride levels.
Lp(a) Cholesterol
Lp(a) is a genetic variation of LDL (bad) cholesterol. A high level of Lp(a) is a significant risk factor for the premature development of fatty deposits in arteries. Lp(a) isn’t fully understood, but it may interact with substances found in artery walls and contribute to the buildup of fatty deposits.

structured questions science form 2

2009-09-07T09:48:00.000-07:00

make it your own copy

model science form 2

2009-09-07T09:23:00.000-07:00

klik

SALAM AIDIL FITRI

2009-09-05T07:45:00.000-07:00

SELAMAT MENYAMBUT AIDIL FITRI, MAAF ZAHIR BATIN, SALAH SILAP HARAP DIAMPUNI, SALAM DIHULUR MAAF DIPINTA TERUTAMA KEPADA MEREKA YANG SAYA SELALU SAKITI.

Birthday asrama smke7 ha..ha..ha.

2009-08-09T10:19:00.001-07:00

sukan komunity asrama

2009-07-18T08:50:00.001-07:00

RENUNGAN

2009-07-15T02:36:00.000-07:00

Renungan bersama..... ..... Setiap peralihan waktu solat sebenarnya menunjukkan perubahan tenaga alam ini yang boleh diukur dan dicerap melalui perubahan warna alam. Aku rasa fenomena perubahan warna alam adalah sesuatu yang tidak asing bagi mereka yang terlibat dalam bidang fotografi, betul tak ?
Sebagai contoh, pada waktu Subuh alam berada dalam spektrum warna biru muda yang bersamaan dengan frekuensi tiroid yang mempengaruhi sistem metabolisma tubuh. Jadi warna biru muda atau waktu Subuh mempunyai rahsia berkaitan dengan penawar/rezeki dan komunikasi. Mereka yang kerap tertinggal waktu Subuhnya ataupun terlewat secara berulang-ulang kali, lama kelamaan akan menghadapi masalah komunikasi dan rezeki. Ini kerana tenaga alam iaitu biru muda tidak dapat diserap oleh tiroid yang mesti berlaku dalam keadaan roh dan jasad bercantum (keserentakan ruang dan masa) - dalam erti kata lain jaga daripada tidur. Disini juga dapat kita cungkil akan rahsia diperintahkan solat diawal waktu. Bermulanya saja azan Subuh, tenaga alam pada waktu itu berada pada tahap optimum. Tenaga inilah yang akan diserap oleh tubuh melalui konsep resonan pada waktu rukuk dan sujud. Jadi mereka yang terlewat Subuhnya sebenar sudah mendapat tenaga yang tidak optimum lagi.
Warna alam seterusnya berubah ke warna hijau (isyraq & dhuha) dan kemudian warna kuning menandakan masuknya waktu Zohor. Spektrum warna pada waktu ini bersamaan dengan frekuensi perut dan hati yang berkaitan dengan sistem penghadaman. Warna kuning ini mempunyai rahsia yang berkaitan dengan keceriaan. Jadi mereka yang selalu ketinggalan atau terlewat Zuhurnya berulang-ulang kali dalam hidupnya akan menghadapi masalah di perut dan hilang sifat cerianya. Orang yang tengah sakit perut ceria tak ?
Kemudian warna alam akan berubah kepada warna oren, iaitu masuknya waktu Asar di mana spektrum warna pada waktu ini bersamaan dengan frekuensi prostat, uterus, ovari dan testis yang merangkumi sistem reproduktif. Rahsia warna oren ialah kreativiti. Orang yang kerap tertinggal Asar akan hilang daya kreativitinya dan lebih malang lagi kalau di waktu Asar ni jasad dan roh seseorang ini terpisah (tidur la tu .). Dan jangan lupa, tenaga pada waktu Asar ni amat diperlukan oleh organ-organ reproduktif kita
Menjelang waktu Maghrib, alam berubah ke warna merah dan di waktu ini kita kerap dinasihatkan oleh orang-orang tua agar tidak berada di luar rumah. Ini kerana spektrum warna pada waktu ini menghampiri frekuensi jin dan iblis (infra-red) dan ini bermakna jin dan iblis pada waktu ini amat bertenaga kerana mereka resonan dengan alam. Mereka yang sedang dalam perjalanan juga seelok-eloknya berhenti dahulu pada waktu ini (solat Maghrib dulu la .) kerana banyak interferens (pembelauan) berlaku pada waktu ini yang boleh mengelirukan mata kita. Rahsia waktu Maghrib atau warna merah ialah keyakinan, pada frekuensi otot, saraf dan tulang.
Apabila masuk waktu Isyak, alam berubah ke warna Indigo dan seterusnya memasuki fasa Kegelapan. Waktu Isyak ini menyimpan rahsia ketenteraman dan kedamaian di mana frekuensinya bersamaan dengan sistem kawalan otak. Mereka yang kerap ketinggalan Isyaknya akan selalu berada dalam kegelisahan. Alam sekarang berada dalam Kegelapan dan sebetulnya, inilah waktu tidur dalam Islam. Tidur pada waktu ini dipanggil tidur d elta dimana keseluruhan sistem tubuh berada dalam kerehatan. Selepas tengah malam, alam mula bersinar kembali dengan warna putih, merah jambu dan seterusnya ungu di mana ianya bersamaan dengan frekuensi kelenjar pineal, pituitari, talamus dan hipotalamus. Tubuh sepatutnya bangkit kembali pada waktu ini dan dalam Islam waktu ini dipanggil Qiamullail.
Begitulah secara ringkas perkaitan waktu solat dengan warna alam. Manusia kini sememangnya telah sedar akan kepentingan tenaga alam ini dan inilah faktor adanya bermacam-macam kaedah meditasi yang dicipta seperti taichi, qi-gong dan sebagainya. Semuanya dicipta untuk menyerap tenaga-tenaga alam ke sistem tubuh. Kita sebagai umat Islam sepatutnya bersyukur kerana telah di'kurniakan' syariat solat oleh Allah s.w.t tanpa perlu kita memikirkan bagaimana hendak menyerap tenaga alam ini. Hakikat ini seharusnya menginsafkan kita bahawa Allah s.w.t mewajibkan solat ke atas hambanya atas sifat pengasih dan penyayang-Nya sebagai pencipta kerana Dia tahu hamba-Nya ini amat-amat memerlukannya. Adalah amat malang sekali bagi kumpulan manusia yang amat cuai dalam menjaga solatnya tapi amat berdisiplin dalam menghadiri kelas taichinya .
Wallahualam.

Healthy Eating

2009-07-15T02:30:00.000-07:00

KESIHATAN
MUSHROOM – EAR Slice a mushroom in half and it resembles the shape of the human ear. And guess what? Adding it to your cooking could actually improve your hearing. That’s because mushrooms are one of the few foods in our diet that contain vitamin D. This particular vitamin is important for healthy bones, even the tiny ones in the ear that transmit sound to the brain.
CHEESE – BONES A nice ‘holey’ cheese, like Emmenthal, is not just good for your bones, it even resembles their internal structure. And like most cheeses, it is a rich source of calcium, a vital ingredient for strong bones and reducing the risk of osteoporosis later in life. Together with another mineral called phosphate, it provides the main strength in bones but also helps to ‘power’ muscles. Getting enough calcium in the diet during childhood is crucial for strong bones. A study at Columbia University in New York showed teens who increased calcium intake from 800mg a day to 1200mg – equal to an extra two slices of cheddar - boosted their bone density by six per cent.

BEANSPROUTS – SPERM The stir-fry favourite bears an uncanny resemblance to the images we see of ‘swimming’ sperm trying to fertilize an egg. And research from the US suggests they could play an important part in boosting male fertility. A study at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio showed that to make healthy sperm in large quantities, the body needs a good supply of vitamin C, a powerful antioxidant that protects cells against damage by harmful molecules called free radicals. Just half a cup of bean sprouts provides 16 per cent of the recommended daily allowance of vitamin C for a man. It’s not just dad but baby too who could benefit. Bean sprouts are packed with foliate, a vitamin that prevents neural tube defects, where the baby is born with a damaged brain or spine.

GRAPES – LUNGS OUR lungs are made up of branches of ever-smaller airways that finish up with tiny bunches of tissue called alveoli. These structures, which resemble bunches of grapes, allow oxygen to pass from the lungs to the blood stream. One reason that very premature babies struggle to survive is that these alveoli do not begin to form until week 23 or 24 of pregnancy. A diet high in fresh fruit, such as grapes, has been shown to reduce the risk of lung cancer and emphysema . Grape seeds also contain a chemical called proanthocyanidin, which appears to reduce the severity of asthma triggered by allergy
TOMATO – HEART A TOMATO is red and usually has four chambers, just like our heart.. Tomatoes are also a great source of lycopene, a plant chemical that reduces the risk of heart disease and several cancers. The Women’s Health Study — an American research programme which tracks the health of 40,000 women — found women with the highest blood levels of lycopene had 30 per cent less heart disease than women who had very little lycopene. Lab experiments have also shown that lycopene helps counter the effect of unhealthy LDL cholesterol. One Canadian study, published in the journal Experimental Biology and Medicine, said there was “convincing evidence’ that lycopene prevented coronary heart disease.

WALNUT – BRAIN THE gnarled folds of a walnut mimi c the appearance of a human brain - and provide a clue to the benefits. Walnuts are the only nuts which contain significant amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. They may also help head off dementia. An American study found that walnut extract broke down the protein-based plaques associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers at Tufts University in Boston found walnuts reversed some signs of brain ageing in rats.

2009-07-02T03:26:00.000-07:00

Eat More Fish to Cheat Death

Forget that icelandic men eat practically no vegetables, and that they affectionately refer to their local liquor as Black Death. Chances are, you could learn a lot from them about healthy eating.

You see, the men in Iceland live longer than those anywhere else on the planet -- an average of 78.7 years, to be exact. That beats the second-place Japanese by a couple of months, and the likes of you by more than 4 years. The natives claim that the secret to their longevity is their Viking blood. Science points to their dinner plates.
Every year, the people of Iceland eat 29,000 tons of fish, which equates to 200 pounds of fish per capita, more than any other nation, except for a few tiny, unpronounceable island states. (No offense to our loyal readers in Tokelau and Niue.)

That's 200 pounds of live weight, but even after you subtract for bones, heads, guts, and leftovers gone bad, it's more than 6 ounces of fish every day, for every man, woman, and child -- eight times the amount the average American eats. It's not difficult to connect the dietary dots.

What is it about fish? Scientists believe it's the fat. Nutritionists usually recommend that you avoid the fat in beef and pork, but the fat in fish is, well, an entirely different animal. That's because it's rich in omega-3 fatty acids -- healthy polyunsaturated fats that are essential for many biological functions. In fact, you need them to live.

"Omega-3 fatty acids are part of the membrane of every cell in the body; they're also the building blocks of hormones that govern much of the body's physiology," says David Katz, M.D., director of the Prevention Research Center at the Yale school of medicine.

A quick primer on omega-3 fatty acids:
• There are three types: eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid, known respectively as EPA, DHA, and ALA.
• EPA and DHA, the omega-3 fatty acids that are most easily used by your body, are found in significant amounts only in marine life, particularly cold-water fish (because they carry more fat for insulation).
• ALA, on the other hand, is obtained from plant-derived foods, such as flaxseed, canola oil, soybeans, pumpkin seeds, and walnuts.

An important detail: "For ALA to provide any health benefits, your liver must convert it into EPA and DHA," says Bruce Holub, Ph.D., a professor of nutritional sciences at the University of Guelph, in Ontario. "The estimated average efficiency of conversion is around 10 percent to 15 percent."

That means for every gram of omega-3s you take in from fish sources, you need about 6 grams from plant foods to glean an equivalent amount of EPA and DHA. And that may be why fish consumption is related to longevity.

In the 1970s, scientists observed a very low death rate from heart disease in Greenland Eskimos, despite the high fat content -- nearly 40 percent of total calories -- of their diet. This became known as the "Eskimo Paradox," since it contradicted previous findings that a high-fat diet increased cardiovascular-disease risk. In subsequent investigations, Danish researchers found that the pivotal factor was the source of the fat.

Turns out, there was a strong correlation between the Eskimos' low incidence of heart disease and their high consumption of fatty fish, a finding that was later echoed in studies of other fish-eating cultures -- in Japan, Alaska, and the Mediterranean.

And that established a direct link to the life-extending benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA, since they're mostly absent in plant and land-animal food (unless you count lamb and pig brain).

LAGI TENTANG IBLIS

2009-07-02T03:14:00.001-07:00

U BAT PENYE MBUH SYAIT AN & IB LIS
Ada satu kitab menyatakan bahawa syaitan itu juga sering mengalami sakit-sakit dan patah riuk kaki dan tangannya.Walaupuns eteruk mana pun penyakitnya dan patah kakinya,namun ade sejenis ubat yg membantu memulihkan penyakitnya. Boleh katakan setiap hari syaitan dan iblis mengalami patah kaki dan tangan yg serius dan boleh dimasukkan ke wad ICU.
Namun kita sebagai umat Islam juga telah bersimpati dgn nasib iblis dan syaitan dan telah menghulurkan ubat secara percuma kpd mereka ygdilaknat.Di pendekkan cerita, suatu hari bapa iblis telah mengarahkan anaknya pergi mengganggu umat islam yg baru hendak solat dimasjid, apabila sampai sahaja di masjid, si anak-anak iblis ini sudah bersedia untuk menghasut dan melalaikan para jemaah.
Tiba-tiba berkumandang lah azan, maka larilah iblis lintang pukang sambil terlanggar bukit,pokok besar dan seumpamanya dan mereka lari sehingga tak terdengar lagi di telinga mereka laungan azan. Maka iblis tadi meraung sakit kerana cedera parah,patah tangan ,kaki dsb. Datanglah bapak mereka dan mengarahkan bhw hannya ade satu saje ubat yg boleh menyembuhkan kembali kecederaan parah mereka, lalu menyuruh mereka pergi ke rumah org islam dan carilah air kencing org yang kencing berdiri dan sapulah ke tempat yg luka cedera parah. Sepantas kilat,mereka mencari org Islam yg kencing berdiri dan serta merta penyakit mereka sembuh.
Kesimpulannya, org kencing berdiri inilah yg menjadi punca iblis sentiasa sihat dan segar bugar. Oleh itu, jgn kencing berdiriâ€¦.!!! Tolong sebarkan khususnya kpd kaum Adam dan juga kaum hawa.

2009-07-02T02:59:00.000-07:00

IBLIS...IBLIS....IBLIS
Iblis Datang Menganggu Manusia Ketika Saat Kematian
Iblis Datang Menganggu Manusia Ketika Saat Kematian
Syaitan dan Iblis akan sentiasa mengganggu manusia, bermula dengan memperdayakan manusia dari terjadinya dengan setitik mani hinggalah ke akhir hayat mereka, dan yang paling dahsyat ialah sewaktu akhir hayat iaitu ketika sakaratul maut. Iblis mengganggu manusia sewaktu sakaratul maut disusun menjadi 7 golongan dan rombongan.
Rombongan 1Akan datang Iblis dengan banyaknya dengan berbagai rupa yang pelik dan aneh seperti emas, perak dan lain lain, serta sebagai makanan dan minuman yang lazat lazat. Maka disebabkan orang yang di dalam sakaratul maut itu di masa hidupnya sangat tamak dan loba kepada barang barang tersebut, maka diraba dan disentuhnya barangan Iblis itu, di waktu itu nyawanya putus dari tubuh. Inilah yang dikatakan mati yang lalai dan lupa kepada Allah SWT inilah jenis mati fasik dan munafik, ke nerakalah tempatnya.
Rombongan 2Akan datang Iblis kepada orang yang didalam sakaratul maut itu merupakan diri sebagai rupa binatang yang di takuti seperti, Harimau, Singa, Ular dan Kala yang berbisa. Maka Apabila yang sedang didalam sakaratul maut itu memandangnya saja kepada binatang itu, maka dia pun meraung dan melompat sekuat hati. Maka seketika itu juga akan putuslah nyawa itu dari badannya, maka matinya itu disebut sebagai mati lalai dan mati dalam keadaan lupa kepada Allah SWT, matinya itu sebagai Fasik dan Munafik dan ke nerakalah tempatnya.
Rombongan 3Akan datang Iblis mengacau dan memperdayakan orang yang di dalam sakaratul maut itu dengan merupakan dirinya kepada binatang yang menjadi minat kepada orang yang hendak mati itu, kalau orang yang hendak mati itu berminat kepada burung, maka dirupai dengan burung, dan jika dia minat dengan kuda lumba untuk berjudi, maka dirupakan dengan kuda lumba (judi). Jika dia minat dengan dengan ayam sabung, maka dirupakan dengan ayam sabung yang cantik. Apabila tangan orang yang hendak mati itu meraba raba kepada binatang kesayangan itu dan waktu tengah meraba raba itu dia pun mati, maka matinya itu di dalam golongan yang lalai dan lupa kepada Allah SWT. Matinya itu mati Fasik dan Munafik, maka nerakalah tempatnya.
Rombongan 4Akan datang Iblis merupakan dirinya sebagai rupa yang paling dibenci oleh orang yang akan mati, seperti musuhnya ketika hidupnya dahulu maka orang yang di dalam sakaratul maut itu akan menggerakkan dirinya untuk melakukan sesuatu kepada musuh yang dibencinya itu. Maka sewaktu itulah maut pun datang dan matilah ia sebagai mati Fasik dan Munafik, dan nerakalah tempatnya
Rombongan 5Akan datang Iblis merupakan dirinya dengan rupa sanak saudara yang hendak mati itu, seperi ayah ibunya dengan membawa makanan dan minuman, sedangkan orang yang di dalam sakaratul maut itu sangat mengharapkan minuman dan makanan lalu dia pun menghulurkan tangannya untuk mengambil makanan dan minuman yang dibawa oleh si ayah dan si ibu yang dirupai oleh Iblis, berkata dengan rayu merayu Wahai anakku inilah sahaja makanan dan bekalan yang kami bawakan untukmu dan berjanjilah bahawa engkau akan menurut kami dan menyembah Tuhan yang kami sembah, supaya kita tidak lagi bercerai dan marilah bersama kami masuk ke dalam syurga.�
Maka dia pun sudi mengikut pelawaan itu dengan tanpa berfikir lagi, ketika itu waktu matinya pun sampai maka matilah dia di dalam keadaan kafir, kekal ia di dalam neraka dan terhapuslah semua amal kebajikan semasa hidupnya..
Rombongan 6Akan datanglah Iblis merupakan dirinya sebagai ulamak ulamak yang membawa banyak kitab kitab, lalu berkata ia: "Wahai muridku, lamalah sudah kami menunggu akan dikau, berbagai ceruk telah kami pergi, rupanya kamu sedang sakit di sini, oleh itu kami bawakan kepada kamu doktor dan bomoh bersama dengan ubat untukmu."� Lalu diminumnya ubat, itu maka hilanglah rasa penyakit itu, kemudian penyakit itu datang kembali. Lalu datanglah pula Iblis yang menyerupai ulamak dengan berkata: "Kali ini kami datang kepadamu untuk memberi nasihat agar kamu mati didalam keadaan baik, tahukah kamu bagaimana hakikat Allah?"
Berkata orang yang sedang dalam sakaratul maut: "Aku tidak tahu."
Berkata ulamak Iblis: "Ketahuilah, aku ini adalah seorang ulamak yang tinggi dan hebat, baru sahaja kembali dari alam ghaib dan telah mendapat syurga yang tinggi. Cubalah kamu lihat syurga yang telah disediakan untukmu, kalau kamu hendak mengetahui Zat Allah SWT hendaklah kamu patuh kepada kami."�
Ketika itu orang yang dalam sakaratul maut itu pun memandang ke kanan dan ke kiri, dan dilihatnya sanak saudaranya semuanya berada di dalam kesenangan syurga, (syurga palsu yang dibentangkan oleh Iblis bagi tujuan mengacau orang yang sedang dalam sakaratul maut). Kemudian orang yang sedang dalam sakaratul maut itu bertanya kepada ulamak palsu: "Bagaimanakah Zat Allah?" Iblis merasa gembira apabila jeratnya mengena.
Lalu berkata ulamak palsu: "Tunggu, sebentar lagi dinding dan tirai akan dibuka kepadamu."
Apabila tirai dibuka selapis demi selapis tirai yang berwarna warni itu, maka orang yang dalam sakaratul maut itu pun dapat melihat satu benda yang sangat besar, seolah olah lebih besar dari langit dan bumi.
Berkata Iblis: "Itulah dia Zat Allah yang patut kita sembah.."
Berkata orang yang dalam sakaratul maut: "Wahai guruku, bukankah ini benda yang benar benar besar, tetapi benda ini mempunyai jihat enam, iaitu benda besar ini ada di kirinya dan kanannya, mempunyai atas dan bawahnya, mempunyai depan dan belakangnya. . Sedangkan Zat Allah tidak menyerupai makhluk, sempurna Maha Suci Dia dari sebarang sifat kekurangan. Tapi sekarang ini lain pula keadaannya dari yang di ketahui dahulu. Tapi sekarang yang patut aku sembah ialah benda yang besar ini."
Dalam keraguan itu maka Malaikat Maut pun datang dan terus mencabut nyawanya, maka matilah orang itu di dalam keadaan dikatakan kafir dan kekal di dalam neraka dan terhapuslah segala amalan baik selama hidupnya di dunia ini.
Rombongan 7Rombongan Iblis yang ketujuh ini Iblis terdiri dari 72 barisan sebab menjadi 72 barisan ialah kerana dia menepati Iktikad Muhammad SAW bahawa umat Muhammad akan terbahagi kepada 73 puak (barisan). Satu puak sahaja yang benar (ahli sunnah waljamaah) 72 lagi masuk ke neraka kerana sesat.
Ketahuilah bahawa Iblis itu akan mengacau dan mengganggu anak Adam dengan 72 macam yang setiap satu berlain di dalam waktu manusia sakaratul maut. Oleh itu hendaklah kita mengajarkan kepada orang yang hampir meninggal dunia akan talkin Laa Ilaaha Illallah untuk menyelamatkan dirinya dari gangguan Iblis dan syaitan yang akan berusaha bersungguh-sungguh mengacau orang yang sedang dalam sakaratul maut.
"Ajarkan oleh kamu (orang yang masih hidup) kepada orang yang hampir mati itu: Laa Ilaaha Illallah."

SELAMAT KEMBALI KE SEKOLAH

2009-06-13T06:18:00.000-07:00

Scheme of work -paper 2 (cont)

2009-06-03T22:50:00.001-07:00

Scheme of work -paper 2

2009-06-03T22:46:00.000-07:00

Scheme of work - science form 1/2009 (mid year)

2009-06-03T22:16:00.000-07:00

TAHUKAH ANDA?

2009-06-01T04:01:00.000-07:00

Siput babi

memakan daun dan batang muda

Pianggang

menghisap daun dan buah

Bari-bari

bertelur di dalam buah ketika buah masih putik

Kaboi
memakan daun dan mengorek buah

Belalang

Memakan daun dan bunga

Ulat bulu

Memakan daun muda dan pucuk pokok

Kutu daun.

menghisap cairan dari tisu-tisu daun, malah kadang-kadang membawa virus yang berbahaya kepada pokok.

PEMUPUKAN SEMANGAT PATRIOTISM

2009-05-31T09:31:00.000-07:00

PENGENALAN KEMERDEKAAN
-rakyat Malaysia merayakan Hari Kebangsaan –kali ke-51.
-hari kemerdekaan 31 ogos sudah sampai di ambang hidup rakyat malaysia .
-pelbagai program diadakan: program perarakan dan pertandingan diadakan.
-berundurnya pihak penjajah dan diganti dengan pemerintahan oleh rakyat tempatan. Tempat jam 12.00 tengah malam, 31 ogos 1957 seluruh rakyat Malaysia berbangga kerana usaha membebaskan Negara daripada belenggu penjajah akhirnya mencapai kejayaan.
-Perdana Menteri yang pertama, Tunku Abdul Rahman telah banyak mencurahkan jasa dan keringat serta pengorbanan untuk mendapatkan kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu pada masa itu. Hasil pengorbanan dan jerit payah Perdana Menteri serta beberapa pemimpin yang lain, pada tahun 31 ogos 1957 Tanah Melayu telah diisytiharkan atau diproklamirkan bebas daripada penjajahan
-tarikh bersejarah yang penuh keramat ini tidak akan dilupakan oleh masyarakat Malaysia terutama generasi yang masih ada yang mengalamai susah payah hidup pada zaman pemerintahan Jepun dan juga British.
-semangat patriotisme dan nasionalisme perlu menusuk jiwa mereka

Semangat Patriotisme

-perasaan taat setia merupakan senjata mental yang cukup kuat untuk mempertahankan negara daripada sebarang bentuk penjajahan baru atau penjajahan dalam apa-apa bentuk sekalipun.
-sifat cinta akan Negara dan tanah air menentukan jatuh bangun sesuatu peradaban atau tamadun manusia.
-mewujudkan sebuah negara yang bebas daripada cengkaman penjajah, kita tidak boleh mengharapkan orang lain sebaliknya sikap patriotik ini perlu lahir daripada kalangan anak watan sendiri.
-anak watan perlu berjuang menegakkan keadilan melalui kemerdekaan dan menjadikan Malaysia sebuah negara yang berdaulat yang mampu berdiri di atas kaki sendiri, berdiri sama tinggi, duduk sama rendah dengan negara merdeka yang lain.
-rakyat perlu sedar akan bahawa tahun-tahun 1960-an merupakan suatu dekad harapan dan pengisian kemerdekaan….zaman mendung yang diselubungi oleh awan gelap.
-Negara kita boleh dikatakan lahir sebanyak dua kali. kelahirannya yang pertama dilambangkan oleh pengisytiharan kemerdakaan pada 31 ogos 1957. Harapan dan keriangan telah mengiringi pencapaian kemerdekaan pada hari yang mulia itu. pada September 1963 pula, negara ini telah dilahirkan semula harapan dan kegembiraan disulami pula dengan pelbagai dugaan dan cabaran. Mujurnya, kesemua cabaran yang direntasi oleh negara ini akhirnya ditangai dengan kejayaan dan masih dikecapi oleh generasi masa kini.
-Hari Kemerdekaan yang diadakan setiap tahun haruslah disambut dengan penuh kesedaran dan keinsafan tentang harga sebuah kemerdekaan. kita tidak ingin semangat cinta akan negara semakin pudar kerana kealpaan kita diulit kemewahan hidup dan pengaruh budaya dari luar. Oleh itu, rakyat perlu bertanggungjawab dan beriltizam untuk memastikan kemerdekaan negara terus terpelihara dan kekal buat selama-lamanya.

USAHA-USAHA YANG DILAKUKAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SEMANGAT PATRIOTIK/PATRIOTISME

1. Penubuhan Sekolah Wawasan merupakan salah satu cara memupuk semangat patriotik dalam kalangan anak watan
-jalan terbaik menyelesai dan menangani isu pemisahan kaum sejak peringkat awal
-pelaksanaan sistem berkenaan mampu memberi kefahaman awal tentang integrasi nasional dengan lebih cepat dan berkesan.
-memberi penekanan terhadap percampuran pelajar dari tiga aliran yang berbeza
-sekolah wawasan berkonsepkan tiga aliran sekolah iaitu sekolah kebangsaan, SJK Cina dan SJK Tamil yang ditempatkan dalam satu kawasan.
-setiap sekolah masih menggunakan bahasa pengantar masing-masing
-setiap jenis sekolah mengekalkan identiti asal sekolah masing-masing tetapi kelainannya ialah mereka digalakkan berkongsi kemudahan seperti kantin, lapangan perhimpunan, gelanggang permainan dan padang
-keharmonian dan sikap menghormati pasti dapat dipupuk kerana pelajar berbilang kaum berkongsi kemudahan sama dalam kawasan yang sama
-konsep Sekolah Wawasan telah menyediakan ruang terbaik untuk generasi pelapis dari sekolah tiga aliran selain berinteraksi secara positif serta memperkasakan jalinan perpaduan.

2. Kepentingan Program Khidmat Negara sebagai perintis semangat patriotisme
-Program Khidmat Negara disasarkan untuk pelajar lepasan SPM
-bertujuan melahirkan warga yang berdisiplin, berdaya saing, berkarisma tinggi serta merupakan satu langkah yang murni dalam memupuk semangat patriotisme
-mekanisme penting dalam usaha membina integriti kaum
-pelbagai lapisan kaum disatukan dalam program ini
-menyemai sikap bertanggungjawab, toleransi, dan tolongan menolong antara satu sama lain dalam pelbagai elemen.
-fokus yang paling utama adalah untuk mewujudkan semangat patriotisme dalam kalangan remaja
-Program Khidmat negara Ala Malaysia ini berbentuk program kemasyarakatan dan kesukarelaan yang membolehkan semua kaum berinteraksi antara satu sama lain
-program ini dapat mengurangkan polarisasi antara mereka dan merapatkan hubungan perpaduan di kalangan belia dan remaja Malaysia yang terlibat
-mendalami modul kenegeraan----memupuk semangat cinta kepada negara

3 Hari Perpaduan memupuk semangat patriotik
-Hari perpaduan disambut pada 16 september
-berdasarkan persetujuan jemaah menteri bertarikh 8 Julai 1992 sempena mengingati tarikh persekutuan Malaysia dibentuk dengan negeri-negerinya termasuk Sabah dan Sarawak yang bersatu di bawah satu bendera
-memupuk dan meningkatkan semangat patriotik yang ada dalam diri kita
-rakyat perlu sedar akan seseorang perlu saling menghormati antara satu sama lain, hidup aman dan harmoni
-melalui Hari Perpaduan ini rakayat perlu sedar akan kepentingan semangat patriotisme merupakan tunjang keutuhan dan keselamatan negara.
-mengelakkan berlakunya tragedi yang meninggalkan titik hitam negara pada 13 Mei 1969 telah membuka mata semua pihak bahawa semangat patriotisme dan keharmonian amat penting untjk negara.
-Hari Perpaduan perlu diadakan setiap tahun adalah untuk menyedarkan masyarakat supaya janganlah menganggap bahawa perpaduan di negara ini telah mantap sehingga tidak perlu lagi berusaha untuk mempertingkatkan semangat patriotisme yang sedia ada.
-sempena Hari Perpaduan, pelbagai aktiviti telah diadakan seperti forum, ceramah, dialog, pameran, pertandingan menulis esei dan puisi yang bertemakan perpaduan kaum.

4. Semangat Patriotisme dalam konteks agama dan pendidikan moral memang digalakkan malahan diberi keutamaan
-ajaran Islam sendiri mengajar dan menuntut umatnya supaya menghormati hak orang lain, hak sesama Islam, hak jiran dan sebagainya.
-semangat patriotisme antara kaum dalam sesebuah masyarakat merupakan wahana yang membolehkan umat beribadat dengan aman dan selamat.
-selain pendidikan agama Islam, pendidikan moral yang diajar di sekolah juga memupuk semangat patriotisme dalam kalangan pelajar.
-pelajar dididik agar minda mereka disulami dengan nilai-nilai yang boleh bangkit memperjuang dan menjaga kedaulatan negara agar tidak mudah dibaham oleh mana-mana kuasa asing
-pepatah melayu, Bersatu teguh, bercerai roboh; bulat air kerana pembentung, bulat kata kerana muafakat.

5. Dalam bidang pendidikan, saranan kerajaa agar mewujudkan Kelab Rukun Negara di sekolah-sekolah untuk menyemai semangat cinta dan dan taat kepada negara.
-melahirkan masyarakat yang sentiasa bermuafakat bagi menghadapi sebarang ancaman di negara ini.
-para pelajar sentiasa diingatkan tentang pentingnya semangat patriotisme antara kaum di Malaysia .
-Apabila pelajar tersebut dewasa, mereka akan sentiasa menghayati konsep yang terkandung dalam Rukun negara untuk sama-sama membangunkan negara.
-menghasilkan suatu gerakan nasional yang menjadi benteng bagi mempertahankan perpaduan negara.
-sekolah dan generasi muda menjadi sasaran kepada usaha untuk menyedarkan kepentingan semangat patriotisme negara.
-kelab Rukun Negara yang dicadangkan itu boleh muncul sebagai suatu persatuan penting di sekolah kerana dapat menjadi tempat untuk menyemai semangat patriotisme.

6. …Sambutan Perayaan secara beramai-ramai merupakan salah satu wahana integrasi rakyat pelbagai kaum untuk memupuk semangat patriotisme.
-mengeratkan silaturahim melalui penghayatan perayaan, peluang meraikan tetamu dengan lebih tersusun dan “bersungguh-sungguh”
-majlis rumah terbuka …berbilang kaum akan menyambut bersama-sama
-menikmati juadah bersama-sama
-hambatan duniawi dan masing-masing memikul pundak berat…jarang berpeluang bersama-sama…
-oleh itu, majlis rumah terbuka merupakan satu peluang keemasan sanak-saudara dan sahabat handai bertemu…
-berasa bangga dengan sikap rakyat Malaysia yang sentiasa bermuafakat dalam melaksanakan sesuatu perkara. Hal ini dapat dilihat dalam sambutan Rumah Terbuka Malaysia . Semua pihak sama ada kerajaan, swasta atau orang perseorangan berganding bahu untuk menjayakan program yang julung-julung kali diadakan itu. Kesepakatan rakyat Malaysia terserlah apabila mengendalikan majlis yang seumpama ini. Oleh yang demikian, program ini perlu diadakan lebih kerap dan diperluas ke seluruh negara.
-intergasi nasional dapat dibentuk melalui kepercayaan semangat patriotisme antara rakyat

7. Melalui Dasar Pendidikan Kebangsaan, Semangat Patriotisme boleh dipupuk.

-Semua aliran sekoalh menggunakan bahasa yang sama (bahasa Melayu) dan kurikulum yang sama.
-sistem pendidikan merupakan mekanisme ampuh yang berupaya melahirkan generasi patriotik
-kerajaan juga memperkenalkan Kurikulum Baru Sekolah Rendah (KBSR) dan Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah (KBSM) pada tahun 1982 dan 1988.
-kedua-dua kurikulum itu bertujuan memupuk semangat patriotik dan perpaduan di kalangan rakyat yang berbilang kaum seperti yang terkandung dalam matlamat Falsafah Pendidikan Negara.
-langkah Kementerian Pelajaran menjadikan mata pelajaran Sejarah dan Kajian Tempatan sebagai mata pelajaran teras dilihat sebagai tindakan efektif bagi menyemai dan menyuburkan semangat perpaduan di kalangan pelajar.
-para pelajar diajar mengkaji, menyelidik dan menganalisis peristiwa sejarah dan mengambil ikhtibar daripada peristiwa sejarah.
-sebagai contoh, tragedi hitam 13 Mei 1969 telah menjadi pengajaran kepada para pelajar supaya menjaga perpaduan antara kaum.
-Kajian Tempatan dijadikan mata pelajaran teras bagi semua murid sekolah rendah
-Kajian Tempatan mengandungi eleman-eleman pengetahuan sejarah dan geografi
-Sejarah dapat menyemaikan bibit-bibit semangat perpaduan dan patriotik di kalangan pelajar
-Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia “menghidupkan” kembali pengajaran mata pelajaran kesedaran Sivik dan Kewarganegaraan di sekolah seperti pada akhir dekad 1970-an. Jawatankauasa Kabinet Mengkaji Dasar Pelajaran Kebangsaan 1979 yang diketuai oleh Tun Dr. Mahathir ketika itu mencadangkan supaya mata pelajaran Kesedaran Sivik diajar di peringkat rendah lagi di semua sekolah untuk melahirkan generasi muda yang mempunyai semangat patriotisme dan bersatu padu.
-melahirkan rakyat yang berperwatakan positif.

Kesimpulan
-semangat patriotisme dapa membantu pembangunan masyarakat dan pembangunan ekonomi
-pelaksanaan dasar-dasar kerajaan dapat dilakukan dengan mudah kerana masing-masing mempunyai inisiatif untuk membangun negara
-industri pelancongan dapat dikembangkan
-negara berdaulat dan dihormati oleh orang ramai
-negara boleh menggorak langkah yang lebih jauh untuk mencapai negara maju bukan sahaja dari aspek ekonomi tetapi jati diri bangsa negara tersebut.

1. Matlamat pemupukan patriotisme adalah untuk membentuk warganegara yang bersemangat patriotik dan berkeperibadian Malaysia .

2. Objektifnya adalah supaya pelajar dapat:

a. mengenal diri dan mencintai warisan bangsa dan negara.

b. mempunyai perasaan cinta dan bangga terhadap agama, bangsa dan negara.

c. bersemangat kekitaan, berdisiplin dan hidup bermasyarakat dan harmonis.

d. memahami dan menghargai usaha-usaha negara dalam pembangunan dan kemajuan

e. membina dan mengembangkan kefahaman, kesedaran dan kepekaan terhadap isu-isu dalam masyarakat serta berupaya untuk bertindak dengan sewajarnya; dan

f. bersemangat ingin berusaha dan melibatkan diri secara aktif dan produktif untuk kemajuan bangsa dan negara.

3. Anda perlu merujuk kepada buku panduan ``Program Pengukuhan Pemupukan Patriotisme Di Sekolah Rendah,'' Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum 1993 untuk mengetahui dengan lebih lanjut mengenai program itu.

4. Dalam program edutourism ini, guru boleh menyelitkan unsur-unsur tertentu untuk menerapkan unsur-unsur patriotisme.

5. Aktiviti yang boleh digunakan untuk menyerapkan unsur patriotisme eloklah berasaskan aktiviti kumpulan dan aktiviti itu termasuk:

a. kerja projek

b. permainan

c. simulasi

d. lakonan

e. drama

f. perbincangan

g. lawatan

Patriotismenya adalah semangat yang murni, universal dan bebas daripada elemen perkauman. Semangat perjuangan dan pengorbanan ini lahir daripada nilai-nilai cinta, kasih, sayang dan kesetiaan kepada nusa dan bangsa.

Lazimnya, patriotisme didasari oleh sifat dan sikap kesukarelaan, keikhlasan, kesanggupan, kesungguhan, dedikasi dan komitmen seseorang insan untuk mempertahankan kemerdekaan negara dan memelihara kemerdekaan serta kedaulatan bangsanya.

Matlamatnya supaya perlembagaan, undang-undang, integriti, kredibiliti, kepentingan, kemajuan, kejayaan, kemakmuran, kesejahteraan, keharmonian, perpaduan, ketenteraman, keamanan dan kelangsungan bangsa dan negara ini tidak diganggu-gugat oleh sesiapa.

Oleh itu, patriotisme adalah sesuatu yang abstrak. Ia lahir daripada tindakan atau perjuangan seseorang yang berasaskan kepentingan negara, agama dan bangsa.

Patriotisme membabitkan minda, sanubari dan naluri. Ia juga membabitkan roh dan jiwa, semangat dan keinsafan, serta cinta, kasih dan sayang.

Di zaman silam, patriotisme di Malaysia sering dimanifestasikan menerusi kesukarelaan dan keberanian seseorang berperang demi kepentingan ibu pertiwinya, untuk berjuang menentang penjajah, atau memperjuangkan kemerdekaan tanah airnya.

Di zaman mutakhir, patriotisme Malaysia dimanifestasikan menerusi kepimpinan yang berjiwa rakyat, bertungkus-lumus memajukan negara untuk mencapai taraf dunia dan sentiasa memperjuangkan keselamatan tanah air dan kesejahteraan ummah.

Patriotisme Malaysia mutakhir juga dibuktikan oleh segolongan bangsa Malaysia menerusi penciptaan rekod-rekod dunia melalui aktiviti yang amat mencabar, lasak dan berbahaya.

Contohnya, pelayaran mengelilingi dunia secara solo, berenang menyeberangi Selat Inggeris dalam tempoh yang tersingkat, memacak dan mengibarkan Jalur Gemilang di puncak Gunung Everest, dan menawan Kutub Utara.

Pada tahun 2020, patriotisme Malaysia wajar pula dimanifestasikan menerusi kemasyhuran bangsa Malaysia memenangi Hadiah Nobel, kejayaan menerokai angkasa lepas, memperjuangkan keamanan dan keadilan sejagat, kebijaksanaan dalam bidang sains, teknologi dan perubatan, serta menjadi pemain global dalam semua bidang.

Berikut adalah antara beberapa definisi patriotisme mengikut beberapa kamus dan ensaiklopedia Melayu dan Inggeris:

``Perasaan cinta yang kuat terhadap tanah air.'' Semangat cinta tanah air dan sikap bersedia mengorbankan apa sahaja untuk kejayaan dan kemakmuran negara.

``Perasaan dan sifat mencintai negara dan mempertahankannya pada bila-bila masa.

``Cinta dan setia kepada negara.''

``Dedikasi yang tinggi kepada negara.''

``Cinta dan kesetiaan kepada negara, kerajaan dan institusinya.''

Beberapa cendekiawan Malaysia dari pelbagai latar belakang pula pernah memberikan definisi patriotisme seperti berikut:

``Kasih sayang kepada bumi tempat tinggalnya.''

``Kesetiaan dan kecintaan seseorang terhadap negaranya.''

``Ikatan spiritual antara individu dan negaranya.''

``Sentimen nasional yang menitikberatkan kesetiaan dan kecintaan yang mendalam kepada negara.''

Oleh itu, patriotisme bolehlah ditakrifkan sebagai semangat perjuangan dan pengorbanan yang berasaskan nilai-nilai cinta, kasih, sayang, kesetiaan, kebanggaan, keikhlasan, kesanggupan, kesungguhan dan komitmen seseorang manusia kepada agama, bangsa dan negaranya.

Patriotisme penting kepada Malaysia . Ia menjadi satu daripada prasyarat pembentukan bangsa dan pengukuhan ketahanan nasional.

Menerusi patriotisme, bangsa dan negara Malaysia boleh terhindar dari pancaroba, agamanya terus mulia, jati dirinya tetap unggul, budayanya mantap, politiknya bebas dari pengaruh universalisme, perpaduannya teguh, semangat juangnya pukal, dan masa depannya terus cerah.

Pendek kata, dalam konteks suasana dunia hari ini, patriotisme Malaysia boleh menjadi senjata utama untuk menangkis seluruh elemen dalaman dan luaran yang boleh mengancam agama, melumpuhkan bangsa dan meruntuhkan negara.

Lantaran itulah patriotisme Malaysia perlu mencakupi seluruh aspek perjuangan individu, keluarga, masyarakat, bangsa, agama dan negara.

Ia perlu mementingkan prinsip-prinsip perjuangan dan pengorbanan, kewajipan dan tanggungjawab, komitmen dan dedikasi, kesungguhan dan kesukarelaan, keberanian dan keperkasaan.

Penerapan dan penyuburan patriotisme Malaysia juga wajar mencakupi aspek kepintaran dan kebijaksanaan, konsistensi dan kesinambungan, kesetiakawanan dan kesetianegaraan, perpaduan dan keharmonian, disiplin dan undang-undang.

Di samping itu, patriotisme Malaysia juga perlu menitikberatkan elemen kredibiliti dan integriti, kreativiti dan produktiviti, ilmu dan pengetahuan, kemajuan dan kemakmuran, keamanan dan kesejahteraan, kemerdekaan dan kedaulatan.

Jika penerapan, penyuburan dan penyemarakan patriotisme Malaysia tidak berasaskan prinsip-prinsip ini, ia mungkin menghasilkan jingoisme, cauvinisme dan ekstremisme.

Lantaran itu, pelaksanaan seluruh dasar, strategi dan program penerapan, penyuburan dan penyemarakan patriotisme dan pengukuhan ketahanan nasional di negara ini perlulah lebih terancang, fokus dan menyeluruh.

Ini kerana senario dunia mutakhir memerlukan barisan bangsa Malaysia yang lebih patriotik, bersatu padu, berdedikasi, berakhlak mulia, cekap dan berilmu serta berkemahiran di semua bidang kehidupan.

Maksudnya, penerapan, penyuburan dan penyemarakan patriotisme Malaysia bukan untuk menyiapkan bangsa Malaysia bertempur di medan perang.

Tetapi, untuk menjadikan bangsa Malaysia bersedia untuk berjuang, berkorban dan bertempur di seluruh medan kehidupan, termasuk bidang-bidang kritikal seperti keilmuan, keagamaan, ekonomi, perdagangan, siasah dan diplomasi antarabangsa.

Ini kerana musuh bangsa Malaysia di hari muka bukan hanya aggression ketenteraan seperti peperangan antiterorisme global. Musuh mereka akan menjelma dalam pelbagai bentuk dan rupa.

Mungkin dalam bentuk peperangan ekonomi dan manipulasi pasaran yang menggunakan senjata seperti derivatif, pelaburan berisiko tinggi, spekulasi mata wang, blok perdagangan, tindakan undang-undang mengenai hak cipta dan cap dagangan, bentuk cukai dan tarif yang canggih, sistem penentuan harga dan tarif, manipulasi ke atas faedah pinjaman dan sebagainya.

Musuh bangsa Malaysia di hari muka juga mungkin dalam bentuk subversion, infiltration dan juga pengaruh ideologi americanisme dan universalisme.

Oleh itu, proses penerapan, penyuburan dan penyemarakan patriotisme Malaysia hendaklah dilaksanakan menerusi proses pendidikan serta penguasaan ilmu dan pengetahuan, di peringkat yang paling rendah dan asas, hinggalah ke peringkat yang setinggi-tingginya.

Proses penerapan, penyuburan dan penyemarakan patriotisme Malaysia perlulah didukungi oleh seluruh bangsa Malaysia .

Hakikatnya demikian kerana patriotisme Malaysia bukan sekadar tindakan mengibarkan Jalur Gemilang sewaktu sambutan Hari Kemerdekaan.

Ia juga bukan sekadar pendendangan Lagu Kebangsaan, mengikrarkan Rukunegara atau mengetahui cabaran-cabaran strategik Wawasan 2020.

Hakikat ini penting untuk diinsafi, dikaji dan dihalusi secara komprehensif dan segera oleh semua pihak supaya seluruh resipi, strategi dan dasar ke arah mewujudkan patriotisme dan pembinaan ketahanan nasional di Malaysia benar-benar selaras dengan kedudukan dunia yang sedang dihambat ledakan ICT, perkembangan bioteknologi serta kebangkitan neoimperialisme.

Hanya sesudah itu, bangsa Malaysia perlu dituntut memahami, menghayati dan mengamalkan kebijaksanaan silam bahawa di mana bumi dipijak, di situ langit dijunjung; biar putih tulang, jangan putih mata; kalau roboh kota Melaka, papan di Jawa jadi gantinya, bila musuh datang melanda, patriotisme Malaysia jadi penangkisnya!

VERY INTERESTING INDEED.

2009-05-31T09:05:00.000-07:00

1. Box Jellyfish

The top prize for The World Most Venomous Animal,would go to the Box Jellyfish.
It has caused at least 5,567 recorded deaths since 1954.
Their venom is among the most deadly in the world. Its toxins attack the heart, nervous system, and skin cells. And the worst part of it is that jelly box venom is so overpoweringly painful, that human victims go in shock, drown or die of heart failure before even reaching shore. Survivors experience pain weeks after the contact with box jellies..

You have virtually no chance to survive the venomous sting, unless treated immediately. After a sting, vinegar should be applied for a minimum of 30 seconds. Vinegar has acetic acid, which disables the box jellys nematocysts that have not yet discharged into the bloodstream (though it will not alleviate the pain). Wearing panty hose while swimming is also a good prevention measure since it can prevent jellies from being able to harm your legs.

Jelly box can be found in the waters around Asia and Australia.
2. King Cobra

The King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is the worlds longest venomous snake - growing up to 5.6 m (18.5 ft) in length.
Ophiophagus, literally means snake-eater as it eats other snakes.. One single bite of this deadly snake can easily kill a human.
This snake is even capable of killing a full-grown Asian Elephant within 3 hours if the larger animal is bitten in a vulnerable area such as the trunk.

Its venom is not as toxic as other venomous snakes, but King Cobra is capable of injecting 5 times more venom than black mamba and can result in mortality up to 5 times faster than that of the black mamba. It is quite widespread, ranging across South and South-east Asia, living in dense highland forests.
3. Marbled Cone Snail

Read more in
http://villageofjoy.com/10-most-poisonous-animals-in-the-world/

WATER

2009-05-30T07:42:00.000-07:00

Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or state,

SELAMAT BERCUTI SMESTER PERTAMA

2009-05-28T17:47:00.000-07:00

Gunakan cuti ini dengan sebaiknya kerana anda masih diperlukan untuk smester 2.
Pergilah

Melancong
Perpustakaan Awam
Galeri Seni
Pusat Sains Negara

ATAU

Berehat saja dirumah bertemankan BUKU

2009-05-27T08:00:00.000-07:00

FLU

2009-05-26T09:07:00.000-07:00

What is H1N1 (swine flu)?
H1N1 (referred to as “swine flu” early on) is a new influenza virus causing illness in people. This new virus was first detected in people in the United States in April 2009. Other countries, including Mexico and Canada, have reported people sick with this new virus. This virus is spreading from person-to-person, probably in much the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses spread.

Why is this new H1N1 virus sometimes called “swine flu”?
This virus was originally referred to as “swine flu” because laboratory testing showed that many of the genes in this new virus were very similar to influenza viruses that normally occur in pigs in North America. But further study has shown that this new virus is very different from what normally circulates in North American pigs. It has two genes from flu viruses that normally circulate in pigs in Europe and Asia and avian genes and human genes. Scientists call this a "quadruple reassortant" virus.

Novel H1N1 Flu in Humans

Are there human infections with this H1N1 virus in the U.S.?
Yes. Cases of human infection with this H1N1 influenza virus were first confirmed in the U.S. in Southern California and near Guadalupe County, Texas. The outbreak intensified rapidly from that time and more and more states have been reporting cases of illness from this virus. An updated case count of confirmed novel H1N1 flu infections in the United States is kept at http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/investigation.htm. CDC and local and state health agencies are working together to investigate this situation.

Is this new H1N1 virus contagious?
CDC has determined that this new H1N1 virus is contagious and is spreading from human to human. However, at this time, it is not known how easily the virus spreads between people.

What are the signs and symptoms of this virus in people?
The symptoms of this new H1N1 flu virus in people are similar to the symptoms of seasonal flu and include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. A significant number of people who have been infected with this virus also have reported diarrhea and vomiting. Also, like seasonal flu, severe illnesses and death has occurred as a result of illness associated with this virus.

How severe is illness associated with this new H1N1 virus?
It’s not known at this time how severe this virus will be in the general population. CDC is studying the medical histories of people who have been infected with this virus to determine whether some people may be at greater risk from infection, serious illness or hospitalization from the virus. In seasonal flu, there are certain people that are at higher risk of serious flu-related complications. This includes people 65 years and older, children younger than five years old, pregnant women, and people of any age with chronic medical conditions. It’s unknown at this time whether certain groups of people are at greater risk of serious flu-related complications from infection with this new virus. CDC also is conducting laboratory studies to see if certain people might have natural immunity to this virus, depending on their age.

How does this new H1N1 virus spread?
Spread of this H1N1 virus is thought to be happening in the same way that seasonal flu spreads. Flu viruses are spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing by people with influenza. Sometimes people may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose.

How long can an infected person spread this virus to others?
At the current time, CDC believes that this virus has the same properties in terms of spread as seasonal flu viruses. With seasonal flu, studies have shown that people may be contagious from one day before they develop symptoms to up to 7 days after they get sick. Children, especially younger children, might potentially be contagious for longer periods. CDC is studying the virus and its capabilities to try to learn more and will provide more information as it becomes available.

Exposures Not Thought to Spread New H1N1 Flu

Can I get infected with this new H1N1 virus from eating or preparing pork?
No. H1N1 viruses are not spread by food. You cannot get this new HIN1 virus from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork products is safe.

Is there a risk from drinking water?
Tap water that has been treated by conventional disinfection processes does not likely pose a risk for transmission of influenza viruses. Current drinking water treatment regulations provide a high degree of protection from viruses. No research has been completed on the susceptibility of the novel H1N1 flu virus to conventional drinking water treatment processes. However, recent studies have demonstrated that free chlorine levels typically used in drinking water treatment are adequate to inactivate highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza. It is likely that other influenza viruses such as novel H1N1 would also be similarly inactivated by chlorination. To date, there have been no documented human cases of influenza caused by exposure to influenza-contaminated drinking water.

Can the new H1N1 flu virus be spread through water in swimming pools, spas, water parks, interactive fountains, and other treated recreational water venues?
Influenza viruses infect the human upper respiratory tract. There has never been a documented case of influenza virus infection associated with water exposure. Recreational water that has been treated at CDC recommended disinfectant levels does not likely pose a risk for transmission of influenza viruses. No research has been completed on the susceptibility of the H1N1 influenza virus to chlorine and other disinfectants used in swimming pools, spas, water parks, interactive fountains, and other treated recreational venues. However, recent studies have demonstrated that free chlorine levels recommended by CDC (1–3 parts per million [ppm or mg/L] for pools and 2–5 ppm for spas) are adequate to disinfect avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. It is likely that other influenza viruses such as novel H1N1 virus would also be similarly disinfected by chlorine.

Can H1N1 influenza virus be spread at recreational water venues outside of the water?
Yes, recreational water venues are no different than any other group setting. The spread of this novel H1N1 flu is thought to be happening in the same way that seasonal flu spreads. Flu viruses are spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing of people with influenza. Sometimes people may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose.

Prevention & Treatment

What can I do to protect myself from getting sick?
There is no vaccine available right now to protect against this new H1N1 virus. There are everyday actions that can help prevent the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses like influenza.

Take these everyday steps to protect your health:

Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.
Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also effective.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way.
Try to avoid close contact with sick people.
Stay home if you are sick for 7 days after your symptoms begin or until you have been symptom-free for 24 hours, whichever is longer. This is to keep from infecting others and spreading the virus further.
Other important actions that you can take are:

Follow public health advice regarding school closures, avoiding crowds and other social distancing measures.
Be prepared in case you get sick and need to stay home for a week or so; a supply of over-the-counter medicines, alcohol-based hand rubs, tissues and other related items might could be useful and help avoid the need to make trips out in public while you are sick and contagious.
What is the best way to keep from spreading the virus through coughing or sneezing?
If you are sick, limit your contact with other people as much as possible. If you are sick, stay home for 7 days after your symptoms begin or until you have been symptom-free for 24 hours, whichever is longer. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. Put your used tissue in the waste basket. Then, clean your hands, and do so every time you cough or sneeze.

What is the best technique for washing my hands to avoid getting the flu?
Washing your hands often will help protect you from germs. Wash with soap and water or clean with alcohol-based hand cleaner. CDC recommends that when you wash your hands -- with soap and warm water -- that you wash for 15 to 20 seconds. When soap and water are not available, alcohol-based disposable hand wipes or gel sanitizers may be used. You can find them in most supermarkets and drugstores. If using gel, rub your hands until the gel is dry. The gel doesn't need water to work; the alcohol in it kills the germs on your hands.

What should I do if I get sick?
If you live in areas where people have been identified with new H1N1 flu and become ill with influenza-like symptoms, including fever, body aches, runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, nausea, or vomiting or diarrhea, you should stay home and avoid contact with other people, except to seek medical care.

If you have severe illness or you are at high risk for flu complications, contact your health care provider or seek medical care. Your health care provider will determine whether flu testing or treatment is needed

If you become ill and experience any of the following warning signs, seek emergency medical care.

In children, emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include:

Fast breathing or trouble breathing
Bluish or gray skin color
Not drinking enough fluids
Severe or persistent vomiting
Not waking up or not interacting
Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held
Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough
In adults, emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include:

Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
Sudden dizziness
Confusion
Severe or persistent vomiting
Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough
Are there medicines to treat infection with this new virus?
Yes. CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with the new H1N1 flu virus. Antiviral drugs are prescription medicines (pills, liquid or an inhaler) that fight against the flu by keeping flu viruses from reproducing in your body. If you get sick, antiviral drugs can make your illness milder and make you feel better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. During the current outbreak, the priority use for influenza antiviral drugs during is to treat severe influenza illness.

What is CDC’s recommendation regarding "swine flu parties"?
"Swine flu parties" are gatherings during which people have close contact with a person who has novel H1N1 flu in order to become infected with the virus. The intent of these parties is to become infected with what for many people has been a mild disease, in the hope of having natural immunity to the novel H1N1 flu virus that might circulate later and cause more severe disease.

CDC does not recommend "swine flu parties" as a way to protect against novel H1N1 flu in the future. While the disease seen in the current novel H1N1 flu outbreak has been mild for many people, it has been severe and even fatal for others. There is no way to predict with certainty what the outcome will be for an individual or, equally important, for others to whom the intentionally infected person may spread the virus.

CDC recommends that people with novel H1N1 flu avoid contact with others as much as possible. They should stay home from work or school for 7 days after the onset of illness or until at least 24 hours after symptoms have resolved, whichever is longer.

Contamination & Cleaning

How long can influenza virus remain viable on objects (such as books and doorknobs)?
Studies have shown that influenza virus can survive on environmental surfaces and can infect a person for up to 2-8 hours after being deposited on the surface.

What kills influenza virus?
Influenza virus is destroyed by heat (167-212°F [75-100°C]). In addition, several chemical germicides, including chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, detergents (soap), iodophors (iodine-based antiseptics), and alcohols are effective against human influenza viruses if used in proper concentration for a sufficient length of time. For example, wipes or gels with alcohol in them can be used to clean hands. The gels should be rubbed into hands until they are dry.

What surfaces are most likely to be sources of contamination?
Germs can be spread when a person touches something that is contaminated with germs and then touches his or her eyes, nose, or mouth. Droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person move through the air. Germs can be spread when a person touches respiratory droplets from another person on a surface like a desk, for example, and then touches their own eyes, mouth or nose before washing their hands.

How should waste disposal be handled to prevent the spread of influenza virus?
To prevent the spread of influenza virus, it is recommended that tissues and other disposable items used by an infected person be thrown in the trash. Additionally, persons should wash their hands with soap and water after touching used tissues and similar waste.

What household cleaning should be done to prevent the spread of influenza virus?
To prevent the spread of influenza virus it is important to keep surfaces (especially bedside tables, surfaces in the bathroom, kitchen counters and toys for children) clean by wiping them down with a household disinfectant according to directions on the product label.

How should linens, eating utensils and dishes of persons infected with influenza virus be handled?
Linens, eating utensils, and dishes belonging to those who are sick do not need to be cleaned separately, but importantly these items should not be shared without washing thoroughly first.
Linens (such as bed sheets and towels) should be washed by using household laundry soap and tumbled dry on a hot setting. Individuals should avoid “hugging” laundry prior to washing it to prevent contaminating themselves. Individuals should wash their hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub immediately after handling dirty laundry.

Eating utensils should be washed either in a dishwasher or by hand with water and soap.

paper 2 mid year sc form 1

2009-05-26T06:00:00.000-07:00

SCIENCE PAPER 2

Part A (40 marks)

1. Draw lines ( lukis garisan) to match the symbols with the hazardous substances.

Concentrated acids

Alcohol

Radium

Sodium

Concentrated Alkali

( 5 marks)
2. The table below shows the results of the experiment. Calculate the period for one complete swing.

Length of the pendulum 10 20 30 40 50
Period for 10 complete swings 11.0 13.9 16.4 18.5 20.0
Period for one complete swings
(5 marks)
Based on the table, plot a bar chart of the period for one complete swing against the length of the pendulum. ( lukis geraf bar)

3. In an activity, a student collects some water from a burette in an empty beaker. Below is the information recorded by the student.

Based on the information given, answer the following questions.

i. What is the volume of water in the beaker? ___________ml

ii. What is the volume of one drop of water? _____________ml

iii Write your answer for ii in standard form. ________________ml ( 3 marks)

iv. Why is necessary (mengapa kah perlu) to measure 40 drops of water instead of just one drop?

______________________________________________________ ( 2 marks)

4. In a box below, draw a typical plant cell and an animal cell.(Lukis gambar sel tumbuhan dan gambar sel haiwan) . Label the diagram with

Nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane cell wall vacuole chloroplast

(Drawing 1 +1. label 6 marks) ( 8 marks)

5. a. What is meant by …
i. unicellular organism? _____________________________________________

ii. Give two examples of unicellular organism :

_____________and _______________

iii. Give two examples of multicellular organism:

___________and __________________

b. Define ( beri maksud) the term ‘ cell’:

_________________________________________________________

i. Give three examples of cell in our body. :

_____________, ______________ and ________________

( 9 matrks)

6. a. Draw the arrangement of particles in solid, liquid and gas.

solid liquid gas

b. Give two examples of liquid (beri 2 contoh cecair)

_______________

_______________
( 5 marks)

Part B ( 20 marks)

7. Study the diagram below, state the arrangement of particles in each of the object.

water
frog
flower
coffee
scissors
slippers

a. Arrangement of particles in: (Susunan zarah-zarah dalam:-)

Water : ____________________________________________________

Frog : ____________________________________________________

Flower : ___________________________________________________

Coffee : ___________________________________________________

Scissors : __________________________________________________

Slippers : ___________________________________________________

( 6 marks)

b. Group all the objects above into 2 groups according of their arrangement of particles.

( 4 marks)

8. A group of students carried out two experiments about diffusion of copper sulphate crystal, as shown in the diagram below. The observations of the experiments are made after a few days. ( Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan dua eksperimen mengenai resapan zarah-zarah kuprum sifat seperti ditunjukan dalam rajah di bawah). Pemerhatian dilakukan selepas beberapa hari)

a. State variable that is

manipulated :_______________________________________________
constant : _______________________________________________
responding : _______________________________________________
(3 marks)
b. What can be observed after a few days?

Experiment 1: ____________________________________________________

Experiment 2 : ____________________________________________________
( 2 marks)

c. Give one inference for your answer.

________________________________________________________________( 1 mark)

d. In which experiment does diffusion take place faster?

________________________________________________________________( 1 mark)

e. Give reason for your answer in (d)

________________________________________________________________( 1 mark)

f. What is the conclusion of this experiment?

________________________________________________________________( 2 mark)

midyear exam

2009-05-26T05:48:00.000-07:00

Answer all the questions. (40 marks)

1 Which of the following is not a natural phenomenon?

A Earthquake
B Thunderstorm
C Surgical operation
D Eclipse of the moon

2 Which of the following is a field of study in science?

A Zoology
B Artist
C Accounting
D Typist

3 Which of the following is a career in science?

A A doctor
B A lawyer
C A make up artist
D A fashion designer

4 Which of the following pairs is not matched correctly?

A Chemistry – study of chemical process
B Astronomy – study of planets
C Geology – study of climates
D Physics – study of matter

5 Which of the following sequences shows the correct scientific process skills?

A Observe → analyse→ record observation→ interpret data
B Observe→ record observation → analyse →interpret data
C Analyse →interpret data → observe → record observation
D Interpret data → analyse → observe → record observation

6. Arrange the following prefixes in order, starting with the prefix of the highest value.
W – Mega
X – Deci
Y – Giga
Z – Centi

A. Y,W,X,Z
B. W,Y,Z,X
C. X,Z,W,Y
D. Z,W,Y,X

7. Which of the following comparisons is correct regarding mass and weight?
Mass Weight
A Influenced by gravitational force Not influenced by gravitational force
B SI unit is the Newton SI unit is the kilogram
C Measured by a beam balance Measured by a spring balance
D Its value varies from place to place Its value is constant

8. The suitable tools to measure mass include.
I Spring balance
II Triple balance
III Lever balance

A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II and III
D. I,II and III

9. Which of the following has no mass?
A. Oxygen
B. Water
C. Atmosphere
D. Vacuum

10. 10 marbles are dropped into a measuring cylinder containing 50 cm3 of water. The water rises to 80 cm3. The average volume of one marble is…
A. 0.1 cm3
B. 0.3 cm3
C. 3.0 cm3
D. 10 cm3

11. Which structure of the plant cell contains a green pigment that traps sunlight for photosynthesis?
A. Cell membrane
B. Cell wall
C. Cytoplasm
D. Chloroplast

13. The following are steps to be taken when using a light microscope
J- Turn the fine focus knob
K- turn the coarse focus knob
L- place the slide on the stage
M- adjust the mirror and the diaphragm
Which of the following sequences is correct?
A. J→L→M→K
B. K→J→L→M
C. L→J→K→M
D. M→L→K→J

14. The information below refers to the…
• A complex jelly-like substance
• 70% - 90% of its composition is water
• The place for chemical reaction

A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Cell wall
D. Vacuole

15. Which of the following is not a microorganism?

A. Chlamydomonas
B. Spirogyra
C. Bacteria
D. Earthworm

16. A unicellular organism is…

A. An organism which consist of many cells
B. An organism which consist of only one cell
C. An organism which is made up of the same kind of cells
D. An organism which cannot be seen with the naked eye

17. The following shows the stages in cell organization
Cell → P → Q → R → Organism

P, Q and R represent…

P Q R
A Tissue Organ System
B Organ Tissue System
C Tissue System Organ
D System Organ Tissue

18. Based on cell organization, the skin, bones and nose can be grouped as…

A. Systems
B. Organs
C. Tissues
D. Cells

19. Which of the following statements is not true about cell organization?

A. The cell is the basic unit of living organism
B. An organ consists of different types of tissues
C. Groups of different tissues that perform a specific function form a system
D. A group of similar cells which perform a specific function is called a tissue

20. Which type of tissue in the human body is responsible for detecting stimuli and coordinating the body movements?

A. Connective tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Nerve tissue

21. The organs listed below make up a system in the human body
• Nose
• Trachea
• Lungs

The system is…

A. The excretory system
B. The nervous
C. The respiratory system
D. The blood circulatory

22. The following information describes a type of cell in the human body
• Cover the body and lines surfaces of organ
• Protect the cells below them

The cells are most probably…

A. Muscle
B. Epithelial cells
C. White blood cells
D. Nerve cells

23. The following are the parts of a system in the human body
• Skull
• Backbone
• Pelvic girdle
• Pectoral girdle

What is the system?
A. The skeletal system
B. The nervous system
C. The muscular system
D. The excretory system

24. Human beings are complex organisms because…

I human beings have various types of cells
II the cells of human beings are organized to form tissues, organs and systems
III human beings are able to reproduce faster than other organisms

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

25. Which of the following statements is not true about matter?

A. Matter has mass
B. Matter occupies space
C. A book is an example of matter
D. Matter have a fixed volume

26. Which of the following describes the particles of copper at room temperature?

A. Always move randomly
B. Compact and arranged in a regular pattern
C. Have a very high energy content
D. Are far apart from one another

27. Particles diffuse faster through a liquid than through a solid. This is because…

A. Liquid particles have more energy
B. Liquid particles have no force that binding them
C. Liquid particles can be compressed
D. Liquid particles have more space between them

28. Gases are much easier to compress compared to liquids because…

A. The spaces between the gas particles are very big
B. The movement of the gas particles is much slower
C. The particles of gases are arranged in an orderly way
D. The size of gas particles decreases easily

29. When water is heated, what will happen to its particles?

A. The particles of water become smaller
B. The movement of the particles of water becomes slower
C. The particles of water vibrate at their own positions
D. The particles of water move further apart from one another

30. A stone has a mass of 10 g. it is put into a cylinder which contains 80 cm3 of water. Then the water level increases to 100 cm3. What is the density of the stone?

A. 0.5 g cm-3
B. 0.2 g cm-3
C. 0.1 g cm-3
D. 5 g cm -3

31. An ice cube floats on the surface of water. This shows that…

A. Ice is heavier than water
B. Ice is denser than water
C. Water is lighter than ice
D. Water is denser than ice

32. What is the mass of a marble if its density is 10 g cm-3 and its volume is 5 cm-3?

A. 0.5 g
B. 2 g
C. 5 g
D. 50 g

33. The density of an object can be determines by finding its…

A. Mass and weight
B. Length and volume
C. Mass and volume
D. Area and weight

34. Which of the following statements are true about density?

I all solids have the same density
II equal volumes of different liquids have different densities
III a solid that is denser than water will sink in water

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I,II and III

35. Why is it easier to float in sea water than in fresh water?

A. Sea water is present in a larger quantity
B. Sea water is denser than fresh water
C. Sea water is always warmer than fresh water
D. Sea water contains more microorganisms

36. Three types of liquids, X, Y, and Z are placed in a measuring cylinder. Liquid Y is below liquid X, and liquid Z is seen to be at the bottom. The arrangement of the liquid in order of increasing density is…

A. X,Y,Z
B. Z,Y,X
C. X,Z,Y
D. Z,Y,X

37. Solid X is denser than solid Y. Solid Y is denser than liquid P. liquid P is less dense than solid Z. Which of the following solids will sink in liquid P?

A. X and Y
B. X and Z
C. Y and Z
D. X, Y and Z

38. The table below shows the densities of four substances. All of the substances are placed in a measuring cylinder containing water. The density of water is 1.0 g cm-3.
Solid substance Density(g cm-3)
J 8.90
K ?
L 10.50
M 2.60

If only substance K floats on water, what is the possible density of substance K?

A. 7.9 g cm-3
B. 11.4 g cm-3
C. 2.5 g cm-3
D. 0.5 g cm-3

39. The density of a substance can be defined as…

A. The volume of space occupied by 1 g of the substance
B. The weight per unit volume of the substance
C. The energy per unit volume of the substance
D. The mass per unit volume of the substance

40. Logs do not sink when they are transported by rivers to factories.
Which statement explains this?

A. Logs are less dense than water
B. Logs are denser than water
C. Logs have big surface area
D. Water contains salt that enables logs to float

systems

2009-05-22T11:05:00.000-07:00

2.4 human as complex organism
1. A human being, also human or man is a member of a species of bipedalprimates in the family Hominidae (taxonomically

2. Humans have a highly developedbrain, capable of abstract reasoning, language, introspection and problem solving.

3. This mental capability, combined with an erect body carriage that frees the forelimbs (arms) for manipulating objects, has allowed humans to make far greater use of tools than any other species.

4. Humans are particularly adept at utilizing systems of communication — primarily spoken, gestural, and written language — for self-expression, the exchange of ideas, and organization. Humans create complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families to nations.

5. Social interactions between humans have established an extremely wide variety of traditions, rituals, ethics, values, social norms, and laws, which together form the basis of human society.

6. Humans have a marked appreciation for beauty and aesthetics, which, combined with the desire for self-expression, has led to cultural innovations such as art, writing, literature and music.

7. Humans are the only species known to build fires, cook their food, and clothe themselves; as well as utilize numerous other technologies.

8. Humans pass down their skills and knowledge to the next generations and so are regarded as dependent upon culture.

Body System

The systems of the human body consist of:

* Circulatory system/Cardiovascular system
* Digestive system
* Endocrine system
* Immune system/Lymphatic system
* Integumentary system
* Muscular system
* Nervous system
* Reproductive system
* Respiratory system
* Skeletal system
* Urinary system
* Sensory system
* Excretory System

2.3 tissue, organs- organization

1. Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism.

2. Hence, a tissue is an ensemble of cells, not necessarily identical, but from the same origin, that together carry out a specific function.

3. Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues.

The study of tissue is known as histology or, in connection with disease, histopathology.to form a s

4. A group of different organs combine together to form a system.

unit 2.2 unicell and multicell

1. Organisms mean living things.

2. Unicellular means one cell - amoeba, euglena, yeast.

Amoeba - one cell

3. Multicellular means many cells - hydra, worms, birds.

4. Microorganism can only be seen under a microscope, a very minute objects and carries out all the living processes.

5. Life processes include movement, feeding, excrfeting, growth, respiration,reproduction and response towards stimulus.

Red algae- multicellular organism.

Hydra species Hydra - animal with many cell

memproses capsul ubat

2009-05-22T09:19:00.000-07:00

keputusan amali sains tg 2

2009-05-22T09:02:00.000-07:00

SMK KING EDWARD VII, TAIPING

MINGGU SAINS DAN METEMATIK TAHUN 2009

KEPUTUSAN PERTANDINGAN AMALI SAINS

KEPUTUSAN

NAMA PEMENANG

TINGKATAN

MARKAH

PERTAMA

MOHD FADHIL

DAN

MOHD NOOR AZIM

2RK SIGMA

93%

KEDUA

KATHIRAAVAN DAN

MOHAMAD HAFIZ RIDZUAN

2 SIGMA

87%

KETIGA

ARVINTHARAN

DAN

RAYMOND TAN CHONG CHOOR

2 SIGMA

80%

cell

2009-05-21T09:53:00.000-07:00

Cell

1. All living things consist of cell.

2. Our body also is made up of millions of cells.

3. Cells are very small in size. They can only be seen using a microscope.

4. Cells have different shapes and sizes.

5. Cells may be round, oblong, square or of other shapes.

6. Cell is the basic unit of life; its function is to carry out life processes.

7. Generally, every cell is made up of nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane.

Structure of cells

Cell membrane – is a thin layer around a cell. It separated a cell from other cells. It controls materials entering and leaving the cells.

Cytoplasm – is a jelly-like fluid in a cell. It is enclosed by the cell membrane. About 70% of cytoplasm consists of water. 30% are protein, starch, mineral salts and vitamins. Many chemical reactions take place in cytoplasm, such as broken down of food to produce energy.

Nucleus – big spherical structure controls all the activities of the cell. It contains genetic materials.

Nucleus and cytoplasm make up protoplasm.

Other cell structures include vacuole, cell wall and chloroplast.

Vacuole – containing cell sap. The cell sap contains dissolved sugar and mineral salts.

Cell wall – surrounding the cell membrane. Made of cellulose and found only in plant cells. Its strong and gives support and protection, also maintains the shape of the cells.

Chloroplasts – containing the green pigment chlorophyll. Its traps sunlight to carry out photosynthesis.

Comparison between plant and animal cell

	Animal cell	Plant cell
Size	Usually small	Usually big
Shape	Not fixed because no cell wall	Fixed shaped because of the cell wall
Cell wall	Does not have cell wall	Has a cell wall which is made of cellulose
Chloroplasts	Does not have chloroplast	Has chloroplasts, which contains chlorophyll pigment
Vacuole	Does not have or very small	Has large vacuole especially in mature cell
Food storage	In form of glycogen	In form of starch granules

DEMAM DENGGI

2009-05-21T02:30:00.000-07:00

DEMAM DENGGI Demam Denggi ialah penyakit akut(teruk) yang disebabkan oleh virus dan disebarkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes betina (vektor).Nyamuk Aedes terdiri dari Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus.Denggi terbahagi kepada 2 jenis i) Demam Denggi biasa (DD) ii) Demam Denggi Berdarah atau Sindrom Renjatan Denggi (DDB/SRD)Virus Denggi dari famili Flaviviridae.Terdiri dari 4 serotype iaitu Den1,Den2,Den3 dan Den4.Kesemua serotype ini boleh menyebabkan DD dan DDB di Malaysia.Virus denggi berkembang biak dalam badan nyamuk dan nyamuk yang mengandungi virus mampu menjadi sumber jangkitan disepanjang hayatnya.Virus ini juga boleh dipindahkan kepada telurnya.Proses ini disebut transmisi transovari. Seekor nyamuk dewasa hasil dari telur ini akan mengandungi virus di dalam badannya walau pun ia tidak pernah menggigit pesakit denggi sebelum ini.
Pada masa ini tiada ubat khusus untuk merawat penyakit ini. Oleh itu pencegahan amat penting.
TANDA-TANDADemam panas yang teruk secara mengejut dan berterusan.Petekia (bintik-bintik merah pada kulit)Sakit teruk pada tulang-tulang, otot-otot,sendi-sendi, biji mata dan kepalaPesakit DD memerlukan pengawasan kerana ada kalanya mereka turut mengalami pendarahan di hidung dan gusi serta kencing berdarah. Pesakit DD perlu diawasi agar tidak berubah menjadi DDB/SRD.

DEMAM DENGGI BERDARAH
Empat tanda utama ialah pendarahan,demam panas,pembesaran hati dan kegagalan sistem perdedaran darah.Gejala yang mungkin terjadi ialah muntah-muntah,sakit kepala dan sakit perut.Tanda-tanda pendarahan ialah kelebaman di kulit,hidung berdarah,gusi berdarah,petekia dan pemeriksaan darah menunjukkan berlaku trombo- sitipenia,leukopenia dan peningkatan aras hematokrit.Jika setelah beberapa hari demam,pesakit kelihatan semakin parah dan menunjukkan gejala kegagalan sistem peredaran darah seperti kulit yang lembab dan dingin,bibir yang lebam kebiruan,denyutan nadi yang cepat tetapi lemah dan hipotensi menandakan berlakunya sindrom renjatan denggi (SRD)

Salam Sejahtera Untuk Semua Murid tersayang

2009-05-21T02:28:00.000-07:00

Keluarga tersayang.
kehadiran mu menceriakan hidup ku

Namun
Kini masa berlalu
Aku tinggal sendiri

Bertemankan muridku
Aspura dan aspuri
SMKE

coretan 2009